HOSA Part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
a,an
A
Definition: Without, not, or lack of.
Example: Anemia - a condition where there is a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
2
Q
ab-,abs-
A
Definition: Away from.
Example: Abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline of the body.
3
Q
Abdomin/o-
A
Definition: Pertaining to the abdomen.
Example: Abdominoplasty - surgical repair of the abdominal area.
4
Q
Abort/o-
A
Definition: Premature expulsion of a fetus; termination of pregnancy.
Example: Abortion - the termination of a pregnancy.
5
Q
Acanth/o-
A
Definition: Spiny or thorny.
Example: Acanthosis - thickening of the skin with a spiny appearance, often associated with insulin resistance.
6
Q
Acro-
A
Definition: Extremities (hands, feet, or top).
Example: Acromegaly - enlargement of the extremities due to excessive growth hormone.
6
Q
Acoust/o-
A
Definition: Hearing or sound.
Example: Acoustic - relating to sound or the sense of hearing, as in acoustic nerve.
7
Q
Actin/o-
A
Definition: Light or radiation.
Example: Actinotherapy - treatment using ultraviolet light or other radiation.
8
Q
ad- (af-)
A
Definition: Emphasizes movement or action toward something, often used in verbs or terms indicating physical movement or a relationship.
Example: Adduction: The action of moving a body part toward the midline.
9
Q
-ad
A
Definition:Specifies directionality or orientation, often in an anatomical or spatial context.
Example: Cephalad: Toward the head (used to describe position or movement in anatomy).
10
Q
Aden/o-
A
Definition: Gland.
Example: Adenitis - inflammation of a gland.
11
Q
Adip/o-
A
Definition: Fat.
Example: Adipocyte - a fat cell.
12
Q
Adren/o-
A
Definition: Adrenal glands.
Example: Adrenaline - a hormone produced by the adrenal glands.
13
Q
-aemia
A
Definition: Condition of the blood.
Example: Anaemia - a condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin.
14
Q
Aer/o-
A
Definition: Air or gas.
Example: Aerosol - a suspension of particles in air or gas.
15
Q
-agogue
A
Definition: agent that promotes expulsion of a substance
Example: Cholagogue - a substance that stimulates bile flow.
16
Q
-agra
A
Definition: Sudden pain or seizure.
Example: Podagra - gout in the foot, especially the big toe.
17
Q
-al
A
Definition: Related to
Example: Renal - pertaining to the kidneys.
18
Q
Albumin/o-
A
Definition: Albumin, a protein found in blood plasma.
Example: Albuminuria - the presence of albumin in the urine.
19
Q
-algesia, -algia
A
Definition: Pain
Example: Myalgia - muscle pain.
20
Q
All/o-
A
Definition: Other, different, .
Example: Allograft - a tissue graft from a donor of the same species but genetically different from the recipient.
21
Q
Amb/i-
A
Definition: Both or on both sides.
Example: Ambidextrous - able to use both hands equally well.
22
Q
amph-, amphi-, ampho-
A
Definition: Both, on both sides, or around.
Example: Amphibian - an organism that can live both on land and in water.
23
Q
Ana-
A
Definition: Up, back, again, excessive, or apart.
Example:
Anatomy: The study of the structure of the body (from “ana-“ meaning apart and “tomy” meaning cutting).
Anabolism: The process of building up complex molecules from simpler ones in the body.
24
Andro-
Definition: masculine.
Example: Androgen - a hormone that promotes male characteristics.
25
Angi/o-
Definition: Vessel
Example: Angioplasty - a surgical procedure to restore blood flow in a vessel.
26
Aniso-
Definition: Unequal or dissimilar.
Example: Anisocytosis - a condition where red blood cells are of unequal sizes.
27
Ankyl/o-
Definition: Crooked, bent, or stiff.
Example: Ankylosis - abnormal stiffening and immobility of a joint due to fusion of bones.
28
Ante-
Definition: Before, in front of.
Example: Antepartum - occurring before childbirth.
29
Antero-
Definition: Front or forward.
Example: Anterolateral - located in front and to the side.
30
Anthropo-
Definition: Human
Example: Anthropology - the study of humans and their societies.
31
Ant/i-
Definition: Against, opposite.
Example: Antibiotic - a substance that works against bacteria.
32
Antr/o-
Definition: Cavity or chamber, especially in a bone.
Example: Antrotomy - surgical incision into an antrum (e.g., the sinus cavity)
33
Apo-
Definition: separate.
Example: Apoptosis - programmed cell death, where cells separate from the body.
34
Arch, Arche, Archi-
Definition: First or principal.
Example: Archetype - the first or original model.
35
Arteri/o-
Definition: Artery.
Example: Arteriosclerosis - hardening of the arteries.
36
Arthr/o-
Definition: Joint.
Example: Arthritis - inflammation of the joints.
37
-ase
Definition: Enzyme.
Example: Lactase - an enzyme that breaks down lactose.
38
Astro-
Definition: Star or star-shaped.
Example: Astrocyte - a star-shaped glial cell in the brain.
39
Atelo-
Definition: Incomplete.
Example: Atelecstasis - incomplete expansion of the lungs (collapsed lung).
40
Ather/o-
Definition: Fatty plaque.
Example: Atherosclerosis - buildup of fatty plaques in the arteries.
41
Atmo-
Definition: gas.
Example: Atmosphere - the gaseous envelope surrounding Earth.
42
Atre-
Definition: Closed or lacking an opening.
Example: Atresia - absence or closure of a normal body opening.
43
Aut/o-
Definition: Self.
Example: Autonomy - the ability to function independently or self-control.
44
Axio-
Definition: Axis or line.
Example: Axial skeleton - the part of the skeleton along the body's axis.
45
Axo-
Definition: Axis, axle, or pertaining to a nerve axon.
Example: Axon - the part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.
46
Brachio-
Definition: Arm.
Example: Brachiocephalic - relating to both the arm and the head, such as the brachiocephalic artery, which supplies blood to the arm and head.
47
Bacteri/o-
Definition: Bacteria.
Example: Bacteriology - the study of bacteria.
48
bar/o-
Definition: Pressure or weight.
Example: Barometer - an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure.
49
balan/o-
Definition: Glans penis or glans clitoris.
Example: Balanitis - inflammation of the glans penis
50
basi/o-
Definition: Base or foundation.
Example: Basilar artery - an artery located at the base of the brain.
51
bi/s-
Definition: Two, twice, double.
Example: Bilateral - pertaining to both sides.
52
Bili-
Definition: Bile
Example: Bilirubin - a bile pigment formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin.
53
Bio-
Definition: Life or living.
Example: Biology - the study of living organisms.
54
Blast-,-blast
Definition: Immature cell, germ cell, or bud.
Example: Blastocyte - an immature, developing cell.
55
blenn/o-
Definition: Mucus.
Example: Blennorrhea - excessive secretion of mucus.
56
blephar/o-
Definition: Eyelid.
Example: Blepharitis - inflammation of the eyelid.
57
brachy-
Definition: Short.
Example: Brachycephalic - having a short, broad head.
58
brady-
Definition: Slow.
Example: Bradycardia - abnormally slow heart rate.
59
brom/o-
Definition: Bromine or compounds containing bromine.
Example: Bromoderma - a skin condition caused by exposure to or ingestion of bromine compounds.
60
bronch-, bronchi-, broncho-
Definition: Bronchus or airways in the lungs.
Example: Bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi.
61
bronchiol/o-
Definition: Bronchioles, the smaller branches of the bronchi in the lungs.
Example: Bronchiolitis - inflammation of the bronchioles.
62
calc/o-
Definition: Calcium
Example: Hypercalcemia - excessive calcium in the blood.
63
cac-, caci-, caco-
Definition: Bad, ill, or abnormal.
Example: Cachexia - weakness and wasting of the body due to severe illness.
64
calcan/eo-
Definition: Heel bone (calcaneus).
Example: Calcaneodynia - pain in the heel bone.
65
carcin-
Definition: Cancer.
Example: Carcinoma - a type of cancer that begins in epithelial tissue.
66
cardi/o-
Definition: Heart.
Example: Cardiomegaly - enlargement of the heart.
67
carpo-
Definition: Wrist.
Example: Carpal tunnel syndrome - a condition affecting the wrist.
68
cat-, cata-, cath-, kat-, kata-
Definition: Down, against, lower, or complete.
Example: Catabolism - the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones.
69
cel/o-
Definition: cavity.
Example: Celiotomy - surgical incision into the abdominal cavity
70
-cele
Definition: Hernia, swelling.
Example: Hydrocele - a fluid-filled swelling in the scrotum.
71
cent-
Definition: One hundred.
Example: Centimeter - a unit of measurement equal to one hundredth of a meter.
72
cephal/o-
Definition: Head.
Example: Cephalalgia - headache.
73
cerebell/o-
Definition: Cerebellum (part of the brain).
Example: Cerebellitis - inflammation of the cerebellum
74
cervic/a-
Definition: Neck or cervix (lower part of the uterus).
Example: Cervical - relating to the neck or the cervix.
75
cheil-, cheilo-, chil-, chilo-
Definition: Lips.
Example: Cheilitis - inflammation of the lips.
76
chem/o-
Definition: Chemical or drug.
Example: Chemotherapy - treatment of disease using chemicals or drugs.
77
chir/o-
Definition: Hand.
Example: Chiropractor - a specialist in manipulating the spine and hands for therapeutic purposes.
78
chlor/o-
Definition: Green.
Example: Chlorophyll - the green pigment in plants.
79
chol/e-
Definition: Bile or gall.
Example: Cholelithiasis - the formation of gallstones.
80
cholangi/o-
Definition: Bile ducts.
Example: Cholangitis - inflammation of the bile ducts.
81
cholecyst/o-
Definition: Gallbladder.
Example: Cholecystectomy - surgical removal of the gallbladder.
82
choledoch/o-
Definition: Common bile duct.
Example: Choledocholithiasis - presence of stones in the common bile duct.
83
chondr/o-
Definition: Cartilage.
Example: Chondritis - inflammation of cartilage.
84
chrom/o-
Definition: Color.
Example: Chromosome - a structure in the cell that stains easily with dyes (literally "colored body")
85
-cide
Definition: To kill or destroy.
Example: Pesticide - a substance used to kill pests.
86
cine-
Definition: Movement.
Example: Cineradiography - recording of moving X-ray images.
87
circum-
Definition: Around or about.
Example: Circumcision - surgical removal of the foreskin around the penis.
88
clied/o-
Definition: Clavicle (collarbone).
Example: Cleidotomy - surgical division of the clavicle.
89
clavicul/o-
Definition: Clavicle (collarbone).
Example: Clavicular - relating to the clavicle.
90
-cle, -cule
Definition: Small, little.
Example: Vesicle - a small fluid-filled sac.
91
co-, com-, con-
Definition: With, together, or jointly.
Example: Congenital - existing at birth (literally "born with").
92
contra-
Definition: Against or opposite.
Example: Contraindication - a condition that makes a treatment inadvisable
93
crani/o-
Definition: Skull.
Example: Craniotomy - surgical opening of the skull
94
cry/o-
Definition: Cold.
Example: Cryotherapy - treatment using cold temperatures.
95
-cusis, -cusia
Definition: Hearing.
Example: Presbycusis - age-related hearing loss.
96
cyan/o-
Definition: Blue.
Example: Cyanosis - bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen.
97
cyclo-
Definition: Circle, cycle, or ciliary body of the eye.
Example: Cycloplegia - paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye.
98
cyst/o-, -cyst
Definition: Bladder, or cyst.
Example: Cystoscopy - examination of the bladder using a scope.
99
cyto-, -cyte
Definition: Cell.
Example: Leukocyte - a white blood cell.
100
dacry-
Definition: Tears
Example: Dacryoadenitis - inflammation of the tear-producing glands.
101
dactyl-
Definition: Finger or toe.
Example: Polydactyly - having extra fingers or toes.
102
de-
Definition: Down, removal, reversal.
Example: Dehydration - removal or loss of water.
103
dec/a-
Definition: Ten.
Example: Decade - a period of ten years
104
deci-
Definition: One-tenth.
Example: Deciliter - one-tenth of a liter.
105
demi-
Definition: Half
Example: Demilune - a crescent-shaped structure, such as in certain glands.
106
dent-, denti-, dento-
Definition: Tooth.
Example: Dentist - a professional specializing in teeth.
107
derm-, derma-, dermato-, dermo-
Definition: Skin.
Example: Dermatology - the study of the skin.
108
deuter-, deutero-, deuto-
Definition: Second or secondary.
Example: Deuteropathy - a secondary disease or complication
109
dextro-
Definition: Right
Example: Dextrocardia - a condition where the heart is located on the right side of the body.
110
di-
Definition: Two or double.
Example: Diplegia - paralysis affecting both sides of the body.
111
dia-
Definition: Through, across, or completely.
Example: Dialysis - the process of separating substances through a membrane
112
dipla-, diplo-
Definition: Double.
Example: Diplopia - double vision.
113
dips/o-
Definition: Thirst.
Example: Polydipsia - excessive thirst
114
dis-
Definition: Apart, away, or not.
Example: Dislocation - the displacement of a joint or bone.
115
dors-, dorsi-, dorso-
Definition: Back
Example: Dorsiflexion - bending backward, such as the foot.
116
duoden/o-
Definition: Duodenum (the first part of the small intestine).
Example: Duodenoscopy - visual examination of the duodenum.
117
-dynia
Definition: Pain.
Example: Gastrodynia - stomach pain.
118
dys-
Definition: Difficulty, painful, abnormal
Example: Dysfunction - impaired or abnormal function.
119
-eal
Definition: Pertaining to.
Example: Peritoneal - pertaining to the peritoneum (a membrane lining the abdominal cavity).
120
ec-, ecto-
Definition: Out, outside, or external.
Example: Ectoplasm - the outer layer of the cytoplasm in a cell.
121
-ectomy
Definition: Surgical removal or excision.
Example: Appendectomy - the surgical removal of the appendix.
122
ectro-
Definition: Congenital absence or malformation.
Example: Ectrodactyly - a congenital condition involving the absence of fingers or toes.
ectro-
123
ef-, es-, ex-
Definition: Out, away from.
Example:
Effusion - the process of a fluid moving out of a vessel or cavity.
Exhale - to breathe out.
124
electr/o-
Definition: Electricity.
Example: Electrocardiogram - a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.
125
embol/o-
Definition: Embolus or plug.
Example: Embolism - a blockage in a blood vessel caused by a clot or other substance.
126
-emesis
Definition: Vomiting.
Example: Hyperemesis - excessive vomiting
127
-emia
Definition: Blood condition.
Example: Anemia - a condition where there’s a lack of healthy red blood cells.
128
en-
Definition: In, into, or within.
Example: Encapsulated - enclosed within a capsule.
129
enantio-
Definition: Opposite or opposed.
Example: Enantiomer - a molecule that is a mirror image of another.
130
end/o-
Definition: Inside, within.
Example: Endoscope - an instrument used to look inside the body.
131
ent/o-
Definition: Inside or within.
Example: Enteritis - inflammation of the intestine.
132
enter/o-
Definition: Intestine.
Example: Enterocolitis - inflammation of the small intestine and colon.
133
ep/i-
Definition: Upon, on, over, or above.
Example: Epidermis - the outer layer of skin located above the dermis.
134
episi/o-
Definition: Vulva (external female genitalia).
Example: Episiotomy - a surgical cut made in the vulva during childbirth.
135
erythr/o-
Definition: Red.
Example: Erythrocyte - a red blood cell
136
eschar/o-
Definition: Scab or dead tissue resulting from a burn or wound.
Example: Escharotomy - a surgical procedure to remove eschar (dead tissue).
137
esophag/o-
Definition: Esophagus.
Example: Esophagitis - inflammation of the esophagus.
138
-esthesia
Definition: Sensation or perception.
Example: Anesthesia - absence of sensation, often induced medically.
139
etio-
Definition: Cause.
Example: Etiology - the study of the cause of a disease.
140
eu-
Definition: Good, healthy
Example: Eupnea - normal, good breathing.
141
eury-
Definition: Wide or broad.
Example: Eurycephalic - having a broad head.
142
extra-
Definition: Outside or beyond.
Example: Extracellular - located outside the cell.
143
-facient
Definition: Causing or making something happen.
Example: Abortifacient - a substance that causes abortion.
144
femor/o-
Definition: Femur (thigh bone).
Example: Femorotibial - relating to the femur and tibia.
145
-ferous
Definition: Bearing, or producing.
Example: Lactiferous - producing or carrying milk.
146
ferri-/ferro-
Example: Ferritin - a protein that stores iron in the body.
147
fibr/o-
Definition: Fiber or fibrous tissue.
Example: Fibromyalgia - a condition characterized by widespread muscle and fibrous tissue pain.
148
fluo-
Definition: Flow or flux.
Example: Fluorescence - the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light, representing a flow of energy
149
fluor/o-
Example: Fluoroscopy - a technique using X-rays to create real-time images of the body.
150
fore-
Definition: Before or in front of.
Example: Forebrain - the front part of the brain.
151
-form
Definition: Shaped like or in the form of.
Example: Uniform - having the same shape or form.
152
-fuge
Definition: Driving away or expelling.
Example: Centrifuge - a device that drives substances away from the center using centrifugal force.
153
galact/o-
Definition: Milk.
Example: Galactorrhea - excessive or abnormal production of milk.
154
gam/o-
Definition: Marriage or union.
Example: Monogamy - having one marital partner.
155
gaster/o-, gastr/o-
Definition: Stomach.
Example: Gastritis - inflammation of the stomach lining.
156
-gen, -gene, -genesis, -genetic, -genic
Definition: Producing, formation, or origin.
Example:
Pathogen - an agent that produces disease (-gen).
Carcinogenesis - the formation of cancer (-genesis).
Genetic - relating to genes or heredity (-genetic).
Iatrogenic - caused by medical treatment (-genic).
157
gen-
Definition: Birth or origin.
Example: Genealogy - the study of family origins and lineages.
158
glauc/o-
Definition: Gray or bluish-gray.
Example: Glaucoma - a condition characterized by increased pressure in the eye, often leading to a bluish-gray appearance of the cornea.
159
genito-
Definition: Genital or reproduction.
Example: Genitourinary - relating to the genital and urinary systems.
160
gero-
Definition: Old age.
Example: Geriatrics - the branch of medicine focusing on elderly care.
161
giga-
Definition: Billion or giant.
Example: Gigabyte - one billion bytes.
162
gingiv/o-
Definition: Gums.
Example: Gingivitis - inflammation of the gums
163
-globin
Definition: Protein.
Example: Hemoglobin - the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
164
gloss/o-
Definition: Tongue.
Example: Glossitis - inflammation of the tongue.
165
gluc/o-
Definition: Sugar or glucose.
Example: Glucogenesis - the formation of glucose.
166
gnath/o-
Definition: Jaw.
Example: Prognathism - a condition where the jaw protrudes forward
167
-gog, -gogue
Definition: Leading or inducing.
Example:
Cholagogue - a substance that promotes the flow of bile (-gogue).
Galactagogue - a substance that induces milk production (-gog).
168
gon/o-
Definition: Seed, reproduction, or semen.
Example: Gonorrhea - a sexually transmitted infection affecting the reproductive tract.
169
-gram
Definition: A record or picture.
Example: Electrocardiogram (ECG) - a record of the electrical activity of the heart.
170
-graph
Definition: An instrument for recording.
Example: Electrocardiograph - a device that records the electrical activity of the heart.
171
-graphy
Definition: The process of recording.
Example: Angiography - the process of recording images of blood vessels.
172
gravida-
Definition: Pregnancy or pregnant woman.
Example: Primigravida - a woman who is pregnant for the first time.
173
gyn-, gyne-, gyno-, gyn-
Definition: Woman or female.
Example: Gynecology - the study of women’s health, especially the reproductive system.
174
gyro-
Definition: Circle or spiral.
Example: Gyroscope - a device that measures or maintains orientation using a spinning disk.
175
hem-, hemato-, hema-, hemo-
Definition: Blood.
Example:
Hemoglobin - a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.
Hematology - the study of blood and its diseases.
176
hemi-
Definition: Half.
Example: Hemiplegia - paralysis affecting one half of the body.
177
hepat/o-
Definition: Liver.
Example: Hepatitis - inflammation of the liver.
178
heredo-
Definition: Hereditary or inherited.
Example: Heredopathia - a hereditary disease
179
heter/o-
Definition: Different or other.
Example: Heterogeneous - composed of different kinds or types.
180
hex/a-
Definition: Six.
Example: Hexapod - an organism with six legs, like insects
181
histo-
Definition: Tissue.
Example: Histology - the study of tissues.
182
hol/o-
Definition: Whole or entire.
Example: Holistic - relating to the whole, often in the context of health and wellness.
183
homeo-
Definition: Similar or like.
Example: Homeostasis - maintaining a stable internal environment.
184
homo-
Definition: Same.
Example: Homogeneous - having the same or uniform composition.
185
hydra-, hydro-, hydr-
Definition: Water or fluid.
Example:
Hydration - the process of providing water to the body.
Hydrocephalus - a condition with an accumulation of fluid in the brain.
186
hyo-
Definition: Relating to the hyoid bone
Example: Hyoglossus - a muscle connecting the hyoid bone to the tongue.
187
hyp-, hyph-, hypo-
Definition: Under, below, or deficient.
Example:
Hypoglycemia - low blood sugar (hypo-).
Hypoglossal - beneath the tongue (hyp-).
Hyphenated - connected by a hyphen (hyph-).
188
hyper-
Definition: Above, excessive, or over.
Example: Hypertension - abnormally high blood pressure
189
hypno-
Definition: Sleep.
Example: Hypnosis - a trance-like state resembling sleep.
190
hyster/o-
Definition: Uterus or womb.
Example: Hysterectomy - surgical removal of the uterus.
191
-ia
Definition: Condition or state.
Example: Pneumonia - a condition involving inflammation of the lungs.
192
-iasis
Definition: Abnormal condition or disease.
Example: Psoriasis - a skin condition causing scaly patches.
193
-iatric
Definition: Pertaining to medicine or a physician. medical proffesional
Example: Pediatric - relating to the medical care of children.
194
-ic
Definition: Pertaining to.
Example:
Cardiac - pertaining to the heart.
Gastric - pertaining to the stomach.
195
ichthyo-
Definition: Fish or scaly.
Example: Ichthyosis - a condition characterized by dry, scaly skin.
196
-id
Definition: A secondary eruption occurring in response to a primary infection, usually caused by an immune reaction rather than direct spread of the pathogen.
id reactions
197
ideo-
Definition: Mental image.
Example: Ideology - a system of ideas or beliefs
198
idio-
Definition: Individual, distinct, or unknown.
Example: Idiopathic - a disease or condition with an unknown cause.
199
ileo-
Definition: Ileum (the third part of the small intestine).
Example: Ileostomy - a surgical opening made in the ileum for waste to leave the body.
200
ilio-
Definition: Ilium (part of the pelvis).
Example: Iliotibial - relating to the ilium and tibia.
201
in-, im-
Definition:
In, into, or within (positive meaning).
Injection - the act of forcing a liquid into something (in-).
Not or opposite of (negative meaning).
Immature - not fully developed (im-).
202
immun/o-
Definition: immune system.
Example: Immunology - the study of the immune system.
203
infra-
Definition: Below or beneath.
Example: Infraorbital - located beneath the eye socket
204
inter-
Definition: Between or among.
Example: Intercostal - located between the ribs.
205
intra-, intro-
Definition: Within or inside.
Example:
Intravenous - within a vein (intra-).
Introduce - to bring something into use or knowledge (intro-).
206
ipsi-
Definition: Same or self.
Example: Ipsilateral - on the same side of the body.
207
irid/o-
Definition: Iris (the colored part of the eye).
Example: Iridectomy - surgical removal of part of the iris.
208
ischio-
Definition: Ischium (part of the pelvic bone).
Example: Ischialgia - pain in the ischium or hip area.
209
-ism
Definition: Condition,
Example: Hyperthyroidism - a condition caused by an overactive thyroid gland
210
iso-
Definition: Equal
Example: Isotonic - having equal tension or concentration.
211
-ite
Definition: A part of or related to
Example: Nephrite - a type of mineral related to the kidney in shape or name.
212
-itis
Definition: Inflammation.
Example: Tonsillitis - inflammation of the tonsils.
213
-ize
Definition: To apply a treatment, method, or action to achieve a specific effect.
Example: Sterilize: To treat with a method (e.g., heat, chemicals, or radiation) to eliminate all microorganisms, making something completely free of germs.
214
juxta-
Definition: Near or adjacent to.
Example: Juxtaposition - placing two objects near or next to each other for comparison.
215
jejuno-
Definition: Jejunum (the second part of the small intestine).
Example: Jejunostomy - surgical creation of an opening into the jejunum.
216
kary-
Definition: Nucleus.
Example: Karyotype - the arrangement of chromosomes within the nucleus.
217
kera-/kerato-
Definition: Horny tissue, cornea.
Example:
Keratosis - thickened or horny growth on the skin.
Keratoplasty - surgical repair of the cornea.
218
ket/o-
Definition: Ketone bodies or compounds.
Example: Ketonuria - presence of ketones in the urine, often in diabetes.
219
kilo-
Definition: Thousand.
Example: Kilogram - a unit of mass equal to 1,000 grams.
220
kinesi-, kino-, -kinesis
Definition: Movement.
Example:
Kinesiology - the study of movement.
Hyperkinesis - excessive or abnormal movement.
221
klepto-
Definition: To steal.
Example: Kleptomania - a psychological condition involving an uncontrollable urge to steal.
222
kolp/o-
Definition: Vagina.
Example: Colposcopy - examination of the vagina and cervix using a special instrument.
223
kypho-
Definition: Hump or bent forward.
Example: Kyphosis - excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing a hunchback posture.
224
lab/i-
Definition: Lips.
Example: Labial - pertaining to the lips.
225
lact-
Definition: Milk.
Example: Lactation - the production and secretion of milk.
226
laparo-
Definition: Abdomen or abdominal wall.
Example: Laparoscopy - a minimally invasive surgical procedure involving the abdominal cavity.
227
laryng/o-
Definition: Larynx or voice box.
Example: Laryngitis - inflammation of the larynx.
228
latero-
Definition: Side.
Example: Lateral - relating to the side.
229
leio-
Definition: Smooth.
Example: Leiomyoma - a benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue.
230
lepido-
Definition: Scales.
Example: Lepidoptera - an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths, characterized by their scaly wings.
231
-lepsy
Definition: Seizure.
Example: Epilepsy - a neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures.
232
leuk-, leuko-, leuc-
Definition: White.
Example:
Leukocyte - a white blood cell.
Leucoderma - white patches of skin due to loss of pigmentation.
233
linguo-
Definition: Tongue.
Example: Lingual - relating to the tongue.
234
lip/o-
Definition: Fat.
Example: Liposuction - a surgical procedure to remove fat.
235
-lite, -lith, lith-, litho-
Definition: Stone or calculus.
Example:
Nephrolithiasis - kidney stones.
Lithotripsy - a procedure to break down stones in the body.
236
-logia, -logy
Definition: Study of or science.
Example:
Biology - the study of life.
Cardiology - the study of the heart.
237
lord/o-
Definition: Bent backward or swayback.
Example: Lordosis - excessive inward curvature of the spine.
238
lumbo-
Definition: Lower back or loins.
Example: Lumbar - relating to the lower back.
239
lyo-
Definition: Dissolve or loosen.
Example: Lyophilization - freeze-drying, a process that removes water by sublimation.
240
-lysis
Definition: Breakdown, destruction, or separation.
Example:
Hemolysis - destruction of red blood cells.
Dialysis - the separation of waste products from the blood.
241
macr/o-
Definition: Large or long.
Example: Macrophage - a large white blood cell that engulfs and digests foreign substances.
242
mal-
Definition: Bad, abnormal, or inadequate.
Example: Malnutrition - poor or inadequate nutrition.
243
mamm/o-
Definition: Breast.
Example: Mammogram - an X-ray of the breast.
244
-mania
Definition: Obsession or madness.
Example: Kleptomania - an uncontrollable urge to steal.
245
mast/o-
Definition: Breast.
Example: Mastectomy - surgical removal of the breast.
246
meat/o-
Definition: Opening or meatus
Example: Meatoscope - an instrument for examining a body passage, such as the urethra.
247
med-, medi-, medio-
Definition: Middle.
Example: Median - situated in the middle.
248
medull/o-
Definition: Inner portion, soft.
Example: Medullary - pertaining to the inner region of an organ, such as the bone marrow.
249
mega-, megal-, megalo-
Definition: Large or great.
Example: Megacolon - an abnormally large colon.
250
-megalia, -megaly
Definition: Enlargement.
Example: Cardiomegaly - enlargement of the heart.
251
meio-, mio-
Definition: Less, smaller, or reduction.
Example: Meiosis - a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half.
252
melan/o-
Definition: Black or dark.
Example: Melanocyte - a cell that produces the pigment melanin.
253
mening/o-
Definition: Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord).
Example: Meningitis - inflammation of the meninges.
254
menta-, mento-
Definition: Chin or mind (depending on the context).
Examples:
Mentalis - a muscle associated with the chin.
Mentophobia - fear related to thinking or the mind.
