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Medical Anatomy, Terminology, and Physiology > HOSA Bowl Helps; Section 1 > Flashcards

HOSA Bowl Helps; Section 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Integumentary System:

What are it’s 6 main functions?

A 
1 - Protection; helps keep outside out + inside in 
2 - Stimuli Reception (touch)
3 - Thermoregulation
4 - Synthesize Vitamin D
5 - Excretion
6 - Immunity
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2
Q

Integumentary System:

What body parts make up the integumentary system? (4)

A
  • Finger/toe nails
  • Hair
  • Skin
  • Glands: sebaceous glands (oil), sudoriferous glands (sweat), ceruminous glands (earwax)
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3
Q

Integumentary System:

What are the 3 general layers of skin?

A

1 - Epidermis
2 - Dermis
3 - Subcutaneous/Hypodermis/Superficial Fascia

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4
Q

Integumentary System:

a) How many layers are there in the epidermis?
b) Name the cells present, and their functions.
c) What type of cell is the outer layer made of?

A

a) 5
b) i. Keratinocyte: produces keratin, waterproofs, protective barrier
ii. Melanocyte: produces melanin, skin pigment, protects from UV/sunlight
c) stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

Integumentary System:

What connective junctions are used

A

Hemidesmosomes and Desmosomes

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6
Q

Integumentary System:

What is pemphigus?

A

Disease that attacks desmosomes, skin falls apart

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7
Q

Integumentary System:

Layers of Keratinocyres in epidermis Deep to Superficial?

A

Stratum Basale, S. Spinosum, S. Granulosum, S. lucidum, S. corneum

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8
Q

Integumentary System:

Characteristics of thick skin?

A

Lots of stratum lucidum, spinosum and corneum. Found on the ventral surface of hands and feet.

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9
Q

Integumentary System:

Characteristics of thin skin?

A

Lacks a stratum lucidum

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10
Q

Integumentary System:

Pheomelanin

A

yellow to red pigment

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11
Q

Integumentary System:

Eumelanin

A

brown to black pigment

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12
Q

Integumentary System:

3 pigments of the body?

A

Melanin, Hemoglobin, Carotene

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13
Q

Integumentary System:

2 regions of the dermis?

A

Papillary and Reticular

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14
Q

Integumentary System:

Characteristics of the papillary region?

A

Ridges in epidermis, blood vessels, sensory structures. AREOLAR

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15
Q

Integumentary System:

4 sensory receptors?

A

Meissner Corpuscles
Merkel Disks
Free Nerve Endings
Pacinian Corpuscles

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16
Q

Integumentary System:

Function of Meissner Corpuscles?

A

Light touch

17
Q

Integumentary System:

Function of Merkel Disks?

A

Light touch

18
Q

Integumentary System:

Function of Free Nerve Endings?

A

Pain and temperature, itching and hair movements

19
Q

Integumentary System:

Function of Pacinian Corpuscles?

A

Lamellated, Deep pressure and vibrations

20
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What are the two forms of energy?

A

Kinetic and Potential

21
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is an isotope?

A

An atom that has gained or lost NEUTRONS

22
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is an Ion?

A

A charged atom

23
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What are electrolytes?

A

Ions dissolved in a solution, can conduct electricity

24
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is the most common electrolyte?

A

Sodium

25
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is a free radical?

A

An atom or molecule with an unpaired electron

26
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What are the three chemical bonds?

A

Covalent, Hydrogen, Ionic

27
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is a surfactant?

A

Reduces surface tension in water, used in lungs

28
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is a solution?

A

Solutes dissolved in solvent

29
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is a colloid?

A

Substances that are dispersed, large particles not dissolved

30
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

Why are buffers important?

A

They act like sponges and keep pH balanced

31
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is the most important buffer system?

A

Carbonic Acid Bicarbonate System

32
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What are the characteristics of Organic Molecules?

A

Carbon, Complex, Combustible, Hydrogen

3 C’s and an H

33
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is the difference between Cellulose and Starch?

A

Cellulose not digestible, Starch is how plants store sugar.

34
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Releasing water molecule to create chemical bonds

35
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What are Eicosanoids?

A

Key chemicals in immune defense and inflammation

36
Q

Chemistry - Organic and Inorganic:

What is Hydrolysis?

A

Water is added to break down chemical bonds

Medical Anatomy, Terminology, and Physiology (9 decks)

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