horse history

Question 1

macroevolution vs microevolution

Answer 1

species to species evolution, all species evolved from one species vs change/evolution only within a species

Question 2

hyracotherium

Answer 2

aka eohypus “dawn horse”, 55 MYA found in Wind River Basin, NY and London, England 10-20” tall with 4 front toes and 3 hind toes. had 3 incisors, 1 canine, 4 premolar and 3 molar, teeth were small due to diet, ate berries. 18 ribs.

Question 3

mesohippus

Answer 3

40 MYA, found in N. America and Italy, 24” tall, 3 front and 3 hind feet, 1st equine ancestor to walk on one toe. has 3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars and 3 molars. 16 ribs.

Question 4

merychippus

Answer 4

17 MYA, found in central america and Europe, 40” tall, had 3 front and 3 hind toes. 3 incisor, 1 canine, 3 premolar and 3 molars. 19 ribs. radius and ulna were fused to eliminate rotation and legs were lengthened for speed

Question 5

Pliohippus

Answer 5

15 MYA, found in Asia and South America, 32” tall, 1 front and 1 hind toe. had 3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars and 3 molars. 18 ribs. 1st to have one toe and most likely gave rise to donkeys

Question 6

Prezwalski’s horse

Answer 6

53” (13.1 HH), 1 front and 1 hind toe (vestigial 2nd and 4th splint bones). 3 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars and 3 molars. 18 ribs. went extinct 11,000 yrs ago in Canada and 12,000 yrs ago in US

Question 7

Equus

Answer 7

4 MYA, found in Idaho and Europe

Question 8

OC Marsh and Thomas Huxley

Answer 8

OC= paleontologist and Thomas= evolutionist, published their theory in the US journal of science and presented it in New York in 1879

Question 9

Against Evolution

Answer 9

Okapi-very similar bone structure to merychippus, nothing found in the same location. pliohippus and merychippus found in the same strata layer. variation- no”perfect horse”. no DNA evidence to prove fossils are related to today’s horses.

Question 10

For Evoltion

Answer 10

progression-can see the changes, variation- normal horses=18 ribs, arabians=17 ribs. no DNA to disprove theory. What are you saying?

Question 11

hunted horses

Answer 11

paleolithic man= extinction of horses in N and S america (8000 BC)found 40,000 fossilized horses in Solutre in France, cave paintings=prey

Question 12

Against Evolution

Answer 12

Okapi-very similar bone structure to merychippus, nothing found in the same location. pliohippus and merychippus found in the same strata layer. variation- no”perfect horse”. no DNA evidence to prove fossils are related to today’s horses.

Question 13

domestication of horses

Answer 13

domesticated 3000 BC in china and mesopotamia. domesticated 2500 BC in Europe (found horses were more tame and faster than ox)

Question 14

1st gelding

Answer 14

russia, 1000 BC

Question 15

1st horse with spots

Answer 15

Spain

Question 16

Early bits

Answer 16

1500 BC, snaffle and studs on inner cheek pieces, riding in rope and hackamores

Question 17

Order of use

Answer 17

hunted, draft, transportation, warfare, recreation