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EQM 101 > final info > Flashcards

final info Flashcards

1
Q

macroevolution

A

species to species evolution, all species evolved from one species

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2
Q

microevolution

A

change/evolution only within a species

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3
Q

oc march and thomas huxley

A

marsh=paleontologist, huxlex=evolutionist, presented their theory in mew york (1879) at us journal of science conference

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4
Q

most common injuries to horses in hauling

A

58% head and 22% legs

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5
Q

how is stress measured in horses?

A

cortisol levels

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6
Q

shipping fever

A

respiratory illness, caused by an elevated head position and can’t get rid of pathogens

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7
Q

top horse breeds in KY

A
  1. thoroughbred 2. quarter horse 3. TN walking horses/saddlebreds
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8
Q

top uses of horses in KY

A
  1. trail riding/pleasure 2. broodmares 3. idle/not working 4. competition
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9
Q

how are stud fees established?

A

yearling prices

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10
Q

stacking

A

put pads under front feet of horses so they had more knee action

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11
Q

soring

A

causing pain in the horses front legs so the horses would pick their legs up high and quickly

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12
Q

ways to cause soring

A

chemical ways (diesel fuel, salicylic acid, carosine), pressure shoeing(grinding foot down to lamina layer), mechanical soring (chains put around pastern, often used with chemical soring)

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13
Q

how soring could be masked

A

topical anestetics to numb the area, stewarding (training horses not to respond to pain), inflicting pain somewhere else

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14
Q

horse protection act

A

1976, congress passed horse protection act (HPA), outlawed soring (all chemical irritants), could use chains weighing 6 oz or less and limited the height of stacking

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15
Q

VMOs

A

veterinary medical officers, trained by USDA to detect spring, many threatened by trainers for enforcing the law

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16
Q

DQP

A

designated qualified person,trained by walking horse industry

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17
Q

what to do with unwanted horses

A

sell the horse, lease the horse, give the horse away or donate it, euthanasia

18
Q

methods of euthanasia

A

chemical or captive bolt

19
Q

what to do with a dead horse

A

burry it (restricted, can cost up to $1000), rendered (75-200$), incinerate (1200-2000)

20
Q

slaughter plants in the US

A

1 in Illinois, 2 in Texas

21
Q

types of slaughter plants in Mexico

A

backyard butchers-only for Mexican Horses, slaughtering plants- horses had body scores of 4-6, handled well and had accurate killing

22
Q

deciduous teeth

A

baby teeth

23
Q

hypsodont

A

permanent teeth

24
Q

incisors

A

most anterior teeth, pincers for grasping and picking

25
Q

canines

A

most commonly found in males, some females

26
Q

premolars

A

immediately posterior to the canines

27
Q

molars

A

most posterior teeth

28
Q

cup

A

center of enamel spot-deepest part of infundibulum

29
Q

enamel spot

A

deepest part of infundibulum, appears after 8 years when the cusp wears away

30
Q

dental star

A

pulp cavity, appears after 8 years, first looks like a line then progresses to a large round spot

31
Q

galvayne’s groove

A

lateral surface of the upper 3rd incisor

32
Q

dental formula for a male horse

A

3.1.3 or 4.3/3.1.3.3 total of 40-42 teeth

33
Q

dental formula for a female horse

A

3.0.3 or 4.3/3.0.3.3 total of 36-38 teeth

34
Q

foals teeth

A

born with no teeth, incisors erupt at 6-10 weeks

35
Q

young horses teeth

A

have 24 deciduous teeth

36
Q

order of deciduous incisor eruption

A

first= 0-1 week, second= 4-6 weeks, third= 6-9 months

37
Q

order of deciduous premolar eruption

A

second=0-2 weeks third=0-2 weeks, fourth=0-2 weeks

38
Q

permanent incisor eruption

A

first-2.5-3 years second=3.5-4 years, third=4.5-5 years

39
Q

permanent canine eruption

A

4-5 years (if ever)

40
Q

hook on incisor 3

A

6 years old

41
Q

perm premolars eruption

A

first=5-6 months (if ever) second=2.5 years, third= 3 years, fourth=4 years

42
Q

perm molars eruption

A

first=9-12 months second=2 years third=3.5 years

EQM 101 (9 decks)

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