Horse and Pony Breeds Flashcards
USEF
United States Equestrian Federation
FEI
International Equestrian Federation
Mare
A mature female horse
Stallion
An intact mature male horse
Geilding
A castrated male horse
Foal
A young horse up to 12 months
Weanling
A foal that has been weaned
Usually between 6 months and a year
Colt
An immature intact male horse
Filly
An immature female horse
Hands
Linear measurement equaling 4 inches
Taken at the highest part of the withers
Pony
A horse not exceeding 14.2 hands at maturity
Tack
Gear used to ride horses Saddle Bridle Bit Reins Pad Girth
Lead (leg)
Refers to which set of legs, left or right, leads or advances forward
Walk
Four beat gait
near hind, near fore, far hind, far fore
Trot
A two-beat gait
Legs move in diagonal pairs not quite simultaneously
Canter
A three-beat gait
Near hind, near fore, far hind together, far fore
Gallop
A four-beat gait
Faster than a canter
Cross-firing or Cross-cantering
a horse is leading with one foot but the opposite hind produces an awkward rolling movement
Black
Uniform black color
Bay
Black mane and tail
Black points
Reddish body
Black points
Black hairs below the knees and hocks
Black muzzle
Black tips on the ears
Seal brown
brown hairs located in the flank areas, on the muzzle, under the eyes, tips of the ears
The body is usually brown or black
Chestnut or sorrel
Skin is black or brown with red hairs
Mane and tail are usually the same color as the body
White
Pure white hairs
Pink skin
Blue eyes
Cremello
Off-white or cream-colored body and blue eyes
May have lighter manes and tails
Perlino
Off-white or pearl white body-color
light rust-colored mane and tail
Grulla
Black mane, tail, and black points with a “sooty” black body
Dun
Black mane, tail, and legs
Dingy yellow-colored body
May have a dorsal stripe
Buck skin
Black mane, tail, and legs
a light yellow boy
May have a dorsal stripe
Palamino
Yellow body color
White or flaxen mane and tail
Gray
White hairs mingled with hairs of the basic color, chestnut or black
Color eventually grows out until the horse is completely gray
Red Roan
Bay horse coloring with white hairs intermixed
Strawberry Roan
Sorrel or chestnut horse with white hair intermixed
Blue roan
Black body color with white hairs intermixed
Red flags
Ears flat
Wide eyese
Extended nose
Lips pulled tight
Grumpy
Mares
Ponies
Draft horse breeds
“Cold bloods”
Clydesdale, Shire, Percheron, Belgian, Suffolk Punch, Friesians, Gypsy Vanners, American Creme, Fjord
Draught horses
A large horse bred to be a working animal doing hard tasks
16 to 19 hands high
1,400 to 2,000lbs
Warmbloods
Hanoverian, Oldenburg, Holsteiner, Trakehner, Dutch Warmblood, Selle Francais, Swedish Warmblood
Light horse breeds
“hot bloods”
Thoroughbred, Quarter horse, Arabian, Standardbred, Morgan, Tennessee Walking Horse, Appaloosa, Saddlebred, Paint, Mustang, Missouri Fox Trotter
Pony Breeds
Shetland, Welsh Pony, Welsh Cob, Hackney, Connemara, Haflinger, Chincoteague/Assateague
Soring
The intentional infliction of pain to a horse’s legs or hooves in order to force the horse to perform an artificial, exaggerated gait
Caustic chemicals
Docking
Amputation of the distal part of the boney part of the tail
Nicking
Cutting tail tendons to cause an elevated carriage of the tail
Blocking
Numbing the tail to cause it to hang limply, usually achieved by injecting alcohol into the tail
Deadening, nerving
