Horse Flashcards by Josie Pugh

What are the clinical signs of Chorioptic mange? How is it diagnosed? Who and what do you treat?

Pruritis of the pastern, heel, and feathers and pruritis of tailhead
Superficial skin scraping with KOH digest
Treat whole herd and cattle and sheep with topical ML

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What tick in equines causes Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi?

Ixodes scapularis and ixodes pacificus

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What tick in BC causes paralysis?

Dermacentor andersoni

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What ticks can cause equine piroplasmosis?

Babesia caballi and theileria equi

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What equine lice is a chewing lice that is located on the dorsal-lateral trunk?

Damalinia (Werneckiella) equi

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What equine lice is a sucking louse on the mane, tailhead, and fetlocks?

Haematopinus asini

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When is equine pediculosis most common? How long can it live off the host for?

Winter and early spring
Can live off host for up to 3 weeks (fomites)

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What are the signs of equine lice? Who should you all treat?

Hair loss, irritation, pruritis, dandruff and anemia
Treat all horses in herd, environment and fomites

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What species of Gasterophilus are the eggs on forelimbs and shoulders, L3 in cardiac region of the stomach?

Gasterophilus intestinalis

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What species of Gasterophilus are the eggs in the inter-mandibular region, and L3 in pylorus and proximal duodenum?

Gasterophilus nasalis

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What species of Gasterophilus are the eggs on the hair of mouth and lips, and L3 in the rectum?

Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis

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What is the treatment of bot flies in horses?

Ivermectin or moxidectin in fall after first frost

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What type of fly do the females blood feed and lay eggs in old manure and rotting vegetation and are the IH for Habronema and Draschia?

Stomoxys calcitrans - stable fly

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What type of fly are slash feeders with painful bites, the females blood feed, and have mechanical disease transmission of EIA and anthrax?

Tabanids - horse fly, deer fly, clegs

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What type of fly do the females blood feed, lay eggs in moisture/water, a vector of Onchocerca and viruses (vesicular stomatitis, African horse sickness) and can cause hypersensitivity (queensland or sweet itch)?

Midges (Culicoides sonorensis)

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What type of flies have aquatic larval cycle, adult females blood feed, are vectors of WNV, WEEV, EEV?

Mosquitoes (Culicidae)

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What what is the difference between Drascheia and Habronema? What arthropods transmit them?

Drascheia in submucosa and Habronema in the mucosa
Stomoxyscalcitrans (stable fly) and Musca domestica (house fly)

How is cutaneous Habronemiasis diagnosed and treated?

Larvae in skin scraping or biopsy and adults on gastric lavage/scoping
(Not fecal float)
Tx ivermectin

Who is Parascaris seen in? What type of transmission?

Foals less than 6 months
Quasi-vertical transmission (mechanical)

Who is Strongyloides westeri mostly seen in? What type of transmission?

In foals less than 6 months of age
Vertical transmission (transmammary)

Which strongylus has mesenteric artery migration? What’s in the buccal capsule?

S. vulgaris
Two rounded teeth

What strongylus has liver/mesentery migration? How many teeth in the buccal capsule?

S. edentatus
None

What type of Strongyle has liver/pancreas migration? How many teeth and what type of teeth?

S. equinus
3 teeth with bifid tooth

How do you differentiate between strongylus spp?

Larvae copro-culture or DNA sequencing

What is the most abundant and diverse equine nematodes?

Cyathostomes

What type of buccal capsule do Cyathostomes have? What type of migration does it have?

Small buccal capsule, no teeth at base Mucosal migration

Do there need to be eggs shed in the feces for horses to show clinical signs of Cyathostomiasis? How is it diagnosed? What should it be treated with?

No can occur in absence of any eggs in feces Adult worms I’m feces, larval culture (+/- PCR) from eggs in feces Moxidectin is the only effective product against inhibited larvae

When should fecal egg counts be done in horses? What is considered low, medium and high shedders?

Spring and fall and 9 weeks post-Tx for BZ and PR and 12-16 weeks for ML Low <200, medium 200-500, high >500

What is the pinworm of horses? How is it diagnosed?

Oxyuris equi Swab or tape mount test from perianal region

What is the connective tissue nematode of horses? How is it transmitted?

Onchocerca cervicalis Arthropods

How is Onchocerca cervicalis diagnosed? What is the treatment?

Microfilariae in skin histologicak section or culture from biopsy Tx - ML will kill will kill larvae but not adults

What is the lung worm of horses? Who is the primary reservoir?

Dictyocaulus arnfieldi Donkeys and horses less than 3 yrs old

What is the most common cyclophyllid in horses and where are they found?

Anoplocephala perfoliata Found in ileum and caecum

What is the difference between Anoplocephala magna and Anoplocephala perfoliata?

A. Perfoliata has lappets, A. Magna does not

Where does Anoplocephala par Anoplocephala come from?

Free-living mite with cysticercoid (infective)

What is Potomac horse fever caused by? What are the IHs? How is it diagnosed?

Neorickettsia risticii from Acanthatrium oregonense (flukes) First IH freshwater snail, second flying aquatic insects PCR blood/feces

What 2 things can Cryptosporidiosis cause in foals?

Malabsorptive diarrhea Life threatening immunocompromised (SCID)

How is cryptosporidium diagnosed in horses? Is it zoonotic?

IFAT on feces, acid fast stain Yes zoonotic

What Protozoa goes between horses and dogs? Who is the DH and the IH?

Sarcocystis fayeri Dog DH Horse IH

What is the most common cause of equine Protozoal myeloencephalitis? Who is the DH, IH and aberrant Intermediate host?

Sarcocystis neurona and sometimes Neospora hughesi Opossum DH Skunks, raccoons, armadillos, cats and birds IH Horses aberrant IH

What is the most consistent clinical sign of EPM?

Asymmetric gait and focal muscle atrophy

What is the cause of equine piroplasmosis?

Haemosporidia