Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro junior > Horner's and Cranial Neuropathies > Flashcards

Horner's and Cranial Neuropathies Flashcards

1
Q

Objectives (2)

A
  1. Recognize peripheral neuropathy from central disease
  2. Identify cranial nerve deficits and appropriate differential diagnoses for each
  3. List diagnostic procedures for each neuropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Trigeminal Sensory Branches (2)

A
  1. Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
    - Orbital fissure
    - A brance innervates indside of nose
  2. Maxillary nerve (V2)
    - Round foramen
    - Sensation to entire face
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Trigeminal Motor Branch (2)

A
  1. Mandibular nerve (V3)
    - oval foramen
  2. Muscles of mastication
    - Pterygoid mm
    - Digastricus m
    - Temporalis m
    - Masseter m
    - Tensor veli palatini m-innervates tympanic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Trigeminal Neuropathy DDX (4)

Dropped Jaw

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Neospora
  4. Trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Trigeminal Neuropathy DX (2)

A
  1. MRI brain

2. CSF-inflammation, blasts, organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Trigeminal Neuropathy TX (4)

A
  1. Neospora: Clindamycin/TMS
  2. LSA: chemo that penetrates BBB
  3. Idiopathic/Traumatic: supportive
    - feeding tube (nutrition/water)
  4. Improvement takes weeks to months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trigeminal Nerve Tumor (4)

A
  1. Nerve Sheath Tumor - CN V most common CN affected
  2. Diagnose by MRI & CSF analysis
  3. Surgical resection not an option
  4. Can consider radiation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Facial Nerve (2)

A
  1. Resting tone to muscles
  2. If acutely lose tone, muscles become flaccid
    - No facial expression, inability to respond, twitch or blink
    - Midline shifts AWAY from affected side (philtrum)-contralateral side still has tone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chronic facial paralysis

A
  1. If chronic denervation to the muscles they become fibrotic due to loss of input
    -no facial expression, inability to respond, twitch or blink
    -Narrowing on the palpebral fissure (cornea better protected)
    ~affected side has contracted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

CN VII DDX (4)

A
  1. Neoplasia-nerve or surrounding tissue
  2. Idiopathic (75% of dogs and 25% of cats)
  3. Infectious (Otitis media/interna)
  4. Trauma (Iatrogenic post TECA) trauma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CN VIII: Vestibular (6)

A
  1. Sensory for orientation of head w/respect to gravity
  2. Physiologic nystagmus (Doll’s eye, vestibulo-ocular)
  3. Pathologic nystagmus
  4. Strabismus
  5. Head tilt
  6. Ataxia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CN VIII: Cochlear

A

Sensory for hearing-difficult to test

-BAER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Idiopathic Geriatric about (3)

A
  1. Old dog vestibular dz
  2. Large breed
  3. Peripheral signs
    - head tilt
    - Nystagmus
    - Ataxia, if ambulatory; alligator rolling
    - INTACT postural reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Idiopathic Geriatric TX (5)

A
  1. Supportive care - maybes MDB
  2. Thoracic rads
  3. MRI head (ears and brain)
  4. Anxiolytics if severely vestibular (plus fluids and antiemetics)
  5. Good prog
    - nystagmus and ataxia resolve
    - head tilt often persists
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Signs that something isn’t Geriatric Idiopathic vest dz (4)

A
  1. Facial paresis to paralysis
  2. Horner’s syndrome
  3. Any other CN deficit
  4. CP deficits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other DDX for vestibular dz (4)

A
  1. Otitis media/interna
  2. Neoplasia
  3. Trauma
  4. Intracranial dz
17
Q

Idiopathic VII & VIII (5)

A
  1. Not well understood
  2. Peripheral vestibular signs (head tilt, nystagmus, +/- ataxia)
  3. Facial paresis to paralysis
  4. All dxstics normal
  5. Usually resolves on own
18
Q

Horner’s (4)

A

Loss of sympathetic input to eye and local mm

  1. Ptosis
  2. Miosis
  3. Enophthalmos
  4. Protrusion of nictitans
19
Q

Horner’s syndrome neurons and orders (3)

A
  1. 1st order neuron
    - cell body in hypothalamus
    - projects to spinal cord T1-T3
  2. 2nd order neuron (Pre-ganglionic)
    - Thoracic sympathetic trunk to cranial cervical ganglion
  3. 3rd order neuron (Post-ganglionic)
    - cranial cervical ganglion to target structures
20
Q

Horner’s Lesion Localization (5)

A
  1. Brainstem
  2. Cervical spinal cord
  3. Axilla/brachial plexus-sympathetics exit at T1-T3 and synapse
  4. Cervical area
    - ascend with the vagosympathetic trunk
  5. Tympanic bulla
    - dog vs cat
21
Q

Horner’s ddx

A
  1. Neoplasia
  2. Idiopathic-Golden retrievers and preganglionic dz
  3. Infectious-otitis
  4. Inflammatory polyp
  5. Iatrogenic-bulla osteotomy
  6. Trauma
22
Q

Horner’s tx

A
  1. None
  2. Lessens/resolves on its own
  3. Rarely affect QOL only aesthetic

Neuro junior (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions