Hormones Section Final Flashcards
How do oral contraceptive work?
Inhibit ovulation and alter cervical mucus to decrease sperm penetration
estrogen in oral contraceptives?
ethinyl estradiol
progestins in oral contraceptives?
levonorgestrel, desogestrel, norethindrone, norgestimate, drospirenone, and norgestrel
Drospirenone details?
o Drospirenone is derived from spironolactone → can raise serum K+ levels
• Cautiously prescribed in women taking ACE inhibitors, ARBs, K+ sparing diuretics and potassium supplements
Birth control counseling (2), adverse effects?
- If taking for the first time, use an additional method of birth control for the first seven days or through the first cycle
- Antibiotics decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so use second method of birth control
- Adverse effects: alveolar osteitis, hirsutism, weight gain, and nausea
- Increased risk of CVD for women who smoke; smoking is not recommended
3 classes of oral contraceptives?
monophasic, biphasic, triphasic
all dosed qday
Monophasic OC details?
Monophasic delivers a fixed dose of estrogen and progestin throughout the cycle
Monophasic trades (11)?
o Apri o Aviane o Gianvi o Levora o Loestrin 24 o Lo Ogestrel o Microgestin o Sprintec o Yasmin o Yaz: acne and PMDD o Zarah
Biphasic OC details?
delivers a fixed dose of estrogen and progestin for the first 21 days of the cycle → estrogen dosage decreases and progestin is discontinued
Biphasic OC trades?
o Kariva
o Mircette
o Seasonique
Triphasic details?
estrogen dose stays the same or varies and the progestin dose varies
Triphasic trades?
o Estrostep: acne o Ortho Tri-Cyclen: acne o TriNessa o Tri-Sprintec o Trivora
non-oral contraceptive trades?
Ortho Evra, NuvaRing, Depo-Provera
Ortho Evra generic and details?
ethinyl estradiol, norelgestromin
qweekly, transdermal system
NuvaRing generic and details?
ethinyl estradiol, etonogestrel
• qmonth
• Wear continuously for 3 weeks, then remove for 1 week → period starts in 2-3 days
• Refrigerate in the pharmacy
• Ring must be reinserted within 3 hours if expelled
Depo-Provera generic and details?
medroxyprogesterone
• q3months
• Suspension for injection → must be shaken to ensure a uniform suspension
Hormone Replacement Therapy indications?
- Treat vasomotor symptoms, vaginal atrophy, and osteoporosis
- Atrophic vaginitis occurs when estrogen levels decrease during menopause → dyspareunia
Hormone Replacement Therapy Trades?
Evista, Premarin (tab, cream), Prempro,
Vagifem, Vivelle-Dot, Estrace Vaginal Cream,
Activella, Femhrt, Delestrogen
Evista generic and details?
raloxifene
• qday
• Selective estrogen receptor modulator
• Indicated for osteoporosis and prevention of breast cancer
Premarin generic and details?
conjugated equine estrogens
• qday
• Tablet
• Indicated for VM, VA, and O
Premarin Vaginal Cream generic and details?
conjugated equine estrogens • Twice weekly • 0.625 mg/g vaginal cream • Indicated for VA • Applicator is calibrated in 0.5 gram increments; max of 2 grams
Prempro generic and details?
conjugated equine estrogens, medroxyprogesterone
• qday
• Indicated for menopausal symptoms
Vagifem generic and details?
estradiol • Vaginal tablet • Indicated for VA • Initial: 1 tablet qday x 2 weeks • Maintenance: 1 tablet twice weekly
Vivelle-Dot generic and details?
estradiol
• Twice weekly
• Transdermal
Estrace Vaginal Cream generic and details?
estradiol
• 0.1 mg/g vaginal cream
• Indicated for VA
• Initial: qday x 2 weeks → after 2 weeks use ½ dose qday x 2 weeks
• Maintenance: 1-3x/week
• Applicator calibrated in 1 gram increments; max of 4 grams
Endogenous androgens generic and details?
testosterone
• Responsible for development of the male sex organs and for maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics
• Men normally produce 5 mg of testosterone daily
• Male hypogonadism is a condition characterized by low serum concentration of testosterone –> Impotence, decreased sexual desire, fatigue, and osteoporosis
testosterone Trade and details?
AndroGel
• qday
• Indicated for male hypogonadism
• Topical gel
• Single dose packet: 2.5 gram and 5 gram
• Metered dose pump: 1% (4 pumps), 1.62% (2 pumps)
Diabetes definition and types?
o Diabetes mellitus – disorder of carb metabolism caused by an insufficient secretion of insulin or inadequate utilization of insulin by body tissues (insulin resistance)
• Type I – do not make enough insulin; unpreventable; must use insulin shots
• Type II – body does not produce enough insulin or it cannot use the insulin that is produced; preventable
Insulin definition and syringe details?
hormone synthesized in the pancreas, essential for utilization of glucose in the body
•Should be administered with insulin syringes
• 3/10 mL syringe –> 30 units of insulin
• ½ mL & 1 mL –> 50 to 100 units, respectively
Goal of insulin therapy? Glucagon therapy?
control hyperglycemia (hypoglycemia is potential adverse effect Treat hypoglycemia with glucagon for injection (IV, IM, SQ) to induce liver glycogen to make glucose • Infusion of glucose and insulin produces a shift of potassium into the cells → lowers serum K+ levels
OTC insulin generics?
insulin regular
insulin NPH (neutral protamine hagedorn)
combo of the two
insulin regular Trades and details?
Humulin R, Novolin R
•Rapid acting
•OTC