Hormones in Humans: Reproduction & Metabolism Flashcards
What are secondary sex characteristics?
Developments caused by reproductive hormones during puberty.
What is the main female reproductive hormone produced in the ovary?
Oestrogen.
What is ovulation?
The release of an egg approximately every 28 days.
What is the main male reproductive hormone produced by the testes?
Testosterone.
Which hormone causes maturation of an egg in the ovary?
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).
What does luteinising hormone (LH) stimulate?
The release of the egg.
What hormones are involved in maintaining the uterus lining?
Oestrogen and progesterone.
What occurs during menstruation?
Loss of lining from the uterus if no fertilisation has occurred.
What are the four overall stages of the menstrual cycle?
- Menstruation
- Lining thickening
- Ovulation
- Lining maintenance.
What hormone does the pituitary gland produce to stimulate follicle development?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
What hormone does the corpus luteum produce?
Progesterone.
What happens if the egg is not fertilised?
The corpus luteum breaks down and progesterone levels drop, leading to menstruation.
What does the placenta secrete once developed?
Progesterone.
When do oestrogen levels peak during the menstrual cycle?
Just before ovulation (day 14).
Fill in the blank: Fertility can be controlled by a variety of _______ and non-hormonal methods of contraception.
hormonal.
What are some methods of hormonal contraception?
- Oral contraceptives
- Injection of progesterone
- Implant or skin patch of progesterone.
What is In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF)?
A treatment involving the fertilisation of eggs in a laboratory and insertion of embryos into the uterus.
What hormones are given as part of fertility drugs to stimulate egg production?
FSH and LH.
What is a potential risk associated with fertility treatment?
Multiple births (twins, triplets, etc.).
What hormone is produced by the adrenal glands during stress?
Adrenaline.
What is the function of thyroxine?
Stimulates the basal metabolic rate and plays a role in growth and development.
How are thyroxine levels controlled?
By negative feedback.
What condition is caused by an overactive thyroid gland?
Hyperthyroidism.
What condition is caused by an underactive thyroid gland?
Hypothyroidism.
