hormones/glands/endocrine

Question 1

hypothalamus

Answer 1

in forebrain

control center

ADH: regulator of fluid level

oxytocin: contractions

Question 2

pituitary

Answer 2

master gland

directs hypothalamus stimulation and directs to other glands

Question 3

thyroid

Answer 3

metabolism

T3: triiodothyronine

T4 thyroxine

calcitonin: brings down blood Ca

Question 4

parathyroid

Answer 4

PTH: parathyroid hormone

blood calcium level

muscle contraction, bone growth

Question 5

adrenal glands

Answer 5

on top of kidneys

outer: cortex
- steroids are made
- cortisol: stress hormone (increases sugar in times of stress, anti-inflammatory)
- aldosterone: blood volume regulator

inner: medulla
- catecholamines - fight or flight
- epinephrine/adrenaline
-norepinephrine

Question 6

gonads

Answer 6

sex hormones, puberty and menopause

ovaries - estrogen, progesterone

testes - testosterone

Question 7

pancreas

Answer 7

blood sugar control

insulin and glucagon

Question 8

pancreas

Answer 8

blood sugar control

insulin and glucagon

Question 9

autocrine hormones

Answer 9

function at the cell that makes them

Question 10

paracrine hormones

Answer 10

function regionally

Question 11

endocrine hormones

Answer 11

function at a distance

Question 12

hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Answer 12

anterior pituitary: paracrine signals through hypophyseal portal system/blood vessels connecting hypo to pituitary

i.e. gnRH in hypo (gonads) goes down to release FSH/LH in anterior pit so that FSH/LH goes down to gonads to release their hormones

i.e. CRH (cortico) in hypo goes to ant pit to release ACTH so that ACTH goes to adrenal gland to release hormones there

i.e. TRH (thyroid) in hypo goes to ant pit to release TSH so that TSH goes to thyroid gland to release hormones there

i.e. GHRH (growth) in hypo goes to ant pit to release GH so that GH goes to bones and muscles to stimulate growth

i.e. PIF (prolactin inhibitory factor) in hypo stops being released. signals ant pit to release prolactin, to stimulate milk production in moms

Question 13

FLAT PEG

Answer 13

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
FLAT= tropic hormones = stimulate other endocrine glands: FSH/LH, ACTH, TSH

PEG = direct hormone = stimulate a part of body directly: prolactin, endorphins, GH

Question 13

FLAT PEG

Answer 13

ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES
FLAT= tropic hormones = stimulate other endocrine glands: FSH/LH, ACTH, TSH

PEG = direct hormone = stimulate a part of body directly: prolactin, endorphins, GH

Question 14

hypothalamus and posterior pituitary

Answer 14

paracrine signals made in hypothalamus and stored in post pit

ADH: antidiuretic hormone - stimulates collecting ducts in kidneys to retain water

Oxytocin: uterine contractions