Hormones/Evolution/Neurodevelopment

Question 1

Endocrine Glands

Answer 1

Release hormones from inside the body

Question 2

Exocrine Glands

Answer 2

Use ducts to secrete fluid outside of the body

Question 3

Arnold Berthold

Answer 3

Demonstrated the importance of hormones for behavior.

Question 4

Similarities between hormones and neurons

Answer 4

They receive synaptic input, reach threshold and produce action potentials

Question 5

Differences between hormones and neurons

Answer 5

Neural messages are rapid, Hormonal are shorter.

Hormones have a longer lasting effect

Question 6

Hormonal Categories

Answer 6

Peptide Hormones: Consist of a strong of amino acids.
Amine Hormones: Each composed of a single amino acid that has been modified into a related molecule such as melatonin
Steroid Hormones: Each of which is composed of four interconnected rings of carbon atoms

Question 7

Hormones

Answer 7

Promote the proliferation, growth and differentiation of cells and modulate cell activity.

Question 8

Second-Messenger Hormones

Answer 8

A slow acting substance in a target cell that amplifies the effects of synaptic or hormonal activity and regulates activity within the target cell

Question 9

Cyclic AMP/cAMP

Answer 9

Transmits messages of many of the peptide and amine hormones.

Question 10

Negative Feedback

Answer 10

Output of the hormone feeds back to inhibit the drive for more of that same hormone

Question 11

Development of the Nervous System

Answer 11

Neurogenesis: the mitotic division of nonneuronal cells to produce neurons
Cell Migration: The movement of cells to establish distinct nerve cell populations
Differentiations: of cells into distinctive types of neurons
Synaptogenesis: The establishment of synaptic connections, such as axons and dendrites
Neuronal Cell Death: the selective death of many nerve cells
Synapse Rearrangement: The loss of some synapses and development of others, to refine synaptic connections