Hearing/Balance/Taste

Question 1

Transduction

Answer 1

The conversion of one form of energy to another

Question 2

Pinna

Answer 2

The external part of the ear

Question 3

Ear Canal

Answer 3

A tube leading from the pinna to the middle ear

Question 4

External Ear

Answer 4

The part of the ear that we readily see and the canal that leads to the ear drum

Question 5

The Middle Ear

Answer 5

The cavity between the tympanic membrane and the cochlea

Question 6

Tympanic Membrane

Answer 6

The partition between the external ear and the middle ear (also known as the ear drum)

Question 7

Ossicles

Answer 7

Three small bones (incus, malleus and stapes) that transmit sound across the middle ear, from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

Question 8

Oval Window

Answer 8

The opening from the middle ear to the inner ear

Question 9

Basilar Membrane

Answer 9

Involved in auditory transduction

High frequencies are greater closer to the oval window, low frequencies produce a larger response near the apex

Question 10

Stereocilium

Answer 10

Involved in hair cell potentials. Allows for the rapid depolarization with an influx of K+ and Ca2+

Question 11

Vestibulochlear Nerve

Answer 11

Runs from the cochlea to the brainstem auditory nuclei

Question 12

Tonotopic Organization

Answer 12

Neurons are arranged as an orderly map of stimulus frequency, with cells responsive to high frequencies located at a distance from those responsive to low frequencies

Question 13

Vestibulo-ocular Reflex (VOR)

Answer 13

The brainstem mechanism that maintains gaze on a visual object despite movements of the head

Involving a high-speed network within the brainstem that uses vestibular information about head rotation to move the eyes in compensation

Question 14

Salty

Answer 14

Relies on sodium ion channels

Question 15

Sour

Answer 15

Relies on acid-sensing ion channels

Question 16

Sweet

Answer 16

Stimulate specialized G-Proteins

Functions on metabotropic receptors

Question 17

Bitter

Answer 17

Stimulate specialized G-Proteins

Functions on metabotropic receptors

Question 18

Umami

Answer 18

Stimulate specialized G-Proteins

Functions on metabotropic receptors

Question 19

Pattern Coding

Answer 19

Coding of information in sensory systems based on the temporal patter of action potentials

Question 20

Olfactory Bulb

Answer 20

An anterior projection of the brain that terminates in the upper nasal passages and, through small openings in the skull, provides receptors for smell

Question 21

Amplitude

Answer 21

Or intensity. Usually measured as sound pressure

Question 22

Frequency

Answer 22

Or the number of cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz)