Hormones And Glands

Question 1

Endocrine System

Answer 1

•Maintains homeostasis along with the nervous system, however Endocrine System has slower and longer acting effects

Question 2

Function of Endocrine Gland?

Answer 2

•releases hormones into blood

Question 3

Function of Exocrine Gland?

Answer 3

•releases substances directly to effectors via ducts

Question 4

Nervous System and Endocrine system similarities

Answer 4

•Some NS tissue are also glands
•some neurotransmitters are also hormones
•Both NS & ES can be controlled with negative feedback loops
• some process involve NS & ES working together

Question 5

Function of Hormones?

Answer 5

•Hormones are chemical messages, they travel through blood to reach target cells (effectors)

Question 6

Function of Tropic Hormones?

Answer 6

•travel to another gland to stimulate release of another hormone

Question 7

Function of Protein Hormones?

Answer 7

•can’t cross cell membrane, binds to receptors on surface of target cells

•regulating, activating, and inhibiting the physiological processes.

Question 8

Function of Steroid Hormones ?

Answer 8

• can enter target cell, bind receptors & activate DNA inside nucleus

Question 9

What is Negative Feedback Loop?

Answer 9

• when a certain blood concentration of hormone is reached, or when cells have responded, the gland releasing the hormone is inhibited (prevents further release)

Question 10

Role of pituitary Gland ?

Answer 10

•Stores and releases many hormones from Hypothalamus
- devided into anterior and posterior pituitary

Question 11

ADH (Anti-diuretic Hormone)

Answer 11

•ADH is released from pituitary gland when osmotic pressure is too high(dehydration)
• ADH Travels to Kidney (H2O reabsorption is increased)
•if more water is is kept in the body, osmotic pressure decreases; this negatively feeds back to hypothalamus + pituitary stopping ADH release

Question 12

Hyper secretion and Hypo secretion ?

Answer 12

Hyper: increased blood pressure, decreased solute concentration and urine production

Hypo: blood pressure decreases, increased in solute concentration, in crease urine production, and dehydration (diabetes ensipidus)

Question 13

HGH (Human Growth Hormone)

Answer 13

•produced in hypothalamus, released by pituitary gland
• travels to bones & muscles which causes cell decision and the breakdown of energy stored in fat cells
•hypersecretion causes abnormally large body size and hyposecretion causes abnormally small body

Question 14

Thyroxine (Ty)

Answer 14

•Released from thyroid gland- release if controlled by TSH
• travels to many tissues: liver adipose tissue, which helps increase breakdown of stored carbs, fats and proteins

Question 15

Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 15

•Released from pituitary, travels to thyroid gland to cause thyroxine release
• of thyroxine levels im blood increases in blood, negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary inhibits further release of TSH

Question 16

Hypo/Hyper thyroidism

Answer 16

Children: physical + mental development delays
Adults: weight gain, fatigue
•caused by lack of iodine
•if no production of Tylenol, no festive feed back for TSH, stimulation of thyroid by TSH, causes swelling of thyroid gland (goitre)

Hyperthyroidism: causes weight loss, insomnia, anxiety