Hormones And Endocrine System

Question 0

Where do hormones come from

Answer 0

Endocrine glands, nerves
Target organs that produce hormones as a secondary function

Anterior lobe of pituitary releases most hormones

Question 1

Role of hormones

Answer 1

Growth and development
Homeostasis
Reproduction
And many other things in CCN ( neurodevelopment)

Question 2

Nervous system interacts with endocrine system to form foundation for CCN

Answer 2

Some nerves release their neurotransmitter directly into the blood stream

All primary endocrine glands and secondary endocrine tissue are innervated by neurons of the autonomic nervous system. Neurotransmitters and modulate hormones secretion

Neurons in the CNS and PNS have receptors for many hormones eg insulin estrogen and testosterone

Question 3

Hormones of the anterior pituitary

Answer 3

This acts like gland it contains endocrine cells that release many hormones

Question 4

Growth and development

Answer 4

Hypothalamus -> anterior pituitary gland -> growth hormone in muscle, adipose tissue, bone and liver

Supplements that naturally enhance growth hormones (builds muscle, lose fat ect) - arginine and melatonin

Question 5

Arginine

Answer 5

Over 10 g starts to cause nausea and diahrrea

Excise allow is more effective

Question 6

Melatonin

Answer 6

Increases growth hormone after excercises only in males

Did not control menstrual cycle for girls

Question 7

Dogma- heavy exercise with large muscle group increase growth hormone and testosterone which will produce muscle overall squats make arms bigger

Answer 7

Not the case

Question 8

Resistance training

Answer 8

The combination of resistance training growth hormone is not no more effective in increasing muscle size than just resistance training

Question 9

Steroids metabolism

Answer 9

Are variable and hard to predict

Bind to androgen receptors some bind to estrogen receptors
Differential metabolism in tissues
Some have both myogenic and androgenic effects
Testosterone can effect cognitive function and behaviour

The effective dose is supra-physiological
The dose of the hormone / hormone agonist is generally not timed to mimic natural hormone production. Hormones are released according to complex Ultradian , circadian and infradian rhythms

Question 10

Hormones in the posterior pituitary

Answer 10

Releases oxytocin and anti diuretic hormones and neurohormones generated in the hypothalamus

Not a gland it is a collection of nerve endings releasing the above into the pituitary circulation