Hormones and actions

Question 1

Somatotropin (Growth Hormone, HGH)

Answer 1

• increases protein synthesis
• stimulates bone growth by stimulating the cartilage
• increases fat breakdown decreases carbohydrate utilization

Question 2

Thyroid stimulating hormone (Thyrotropin, TSH)

Answer 2

-stimulates thyroid gland to produce and secrete thyroid hormones

Question 3

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 3

-promotes output of steroids in adrenal cortex

Question 4

Prolactin (Luteotropic Hormone, LTH)

Answer 4

• stimulates milk production

- helps maintain the corpus luteum

Question 5

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 5

• in females-stimulates development of ovarian follicle

- in males-stimulates Sertoli cells for sperm production

Question 6

Luteinizing hormone (LH)/Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

Answer 6

• in females-works w/FSH to promote secretion of estrogen by follicles. Helps w/formation & organization of corpus luteum
• in males-stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Question 7

Antidiuretic Hormone (Vasopressin, ADH)

Answer 7

• regulates water balance by causing water reabsorption in DCT & collecting ducts of kidney
• causes contraction of smooth muscle in walls of blood vessels, elevating blood pressure

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

• stimulates milk ejection in lactating women

- causes smooth muscle contraction, particularly in uterus

Question 9

Melatonin

Answer 9

• sleep/wake cycle

- influences maturation of reproductive system

Question 10

Thyroxine (T4), Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 10

1-controls metabolic rate by increasing basal metabolism
2-Affects protein usage
3-Affects circulation
4-Normalizes the growth of the reproductive system

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

• lowers serum calcium & phosphate levels

- inhibits osteoclasts & stimulates osteoblasts

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 12

-increase serum calcium & decrease serum phosphate by acting on bone and kidney

Question 13

Insulin

Answer 13

• promotes removal of glucose from blood
• facilitates use of glucose by cells
• increase glycogen storage

Question 14

Glucagon

Answer 14

-increase plasma glucose by promoting glycogenolysis in liver

Question 15

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

Answer 15

• increases heart rate
• reroutes blood flow to muscles from digestive system
• stimulates metabolism
• mobilizes glycogen as glucose

Question 16

Norepinephrine

Answer 16

• constricts arterioles

- increases metabolic rate

Question 17

Glucocorticoids

Answer 17

• discourage metabolism of carbohydrates
• promotes formation of glucose from protein
• controls effects of stress on body

Question 18

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 18

-regulate electrolyte & water balance by acting on kidney

Question 19

Thymosins

Answer 19

-stimulates lymphocyte production

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

• stimulates secondary sex characteristics
• causes maturation of reproductive system
• facilitates spermatogenesis

Question 21

Estrogen & Progesterone

Answer 21

• female secondary sex characteristics
• maturation of reproductive system
• control menstrual cycle
• maintains pregnancy