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NE Exam 3 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Which hormones are released from the hypothalamus?

A

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), somatostatin or somatotropin release inhibiting hormone (SRIF), dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
All peptides except for PIF (amine)

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2
Q

What is the function of TRH?

A

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

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3
Q

What is the function of CRH?

A

Stimulates secretion of ACTH

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4
Q

What is the function of GnRH?

A

Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

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5
Q

What is the function of somatostatin or somatotropin release inhibiting hormone (SRIF)?

A

Inhibits secretion of GH

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6
Q

What is the function of dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)?

A

Inhibits secretion of prolactin

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7
Q

What is the function of GHRH?

A

Stimulates secretion of GH

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8
Q

Which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary and what class of hormones are they?

A

All peptides

TSH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSH)

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9
Q

What is the function of TSH?

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

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10
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes

Stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

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11
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes

Stimulates ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum, estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

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12
Q

What is the function of GH?

A

Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

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13
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

Stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

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14
Q

What is the function of ACTH?

A

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgens and aldosterone)

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15
Q

What is the function of MSH?

A

Stimulates melanin synthesis

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16
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary and what class of hormones are they?

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin/ADH

Both peptides

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17
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A

Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

18
Q

What is the function of vasopressin/ADH?

A

Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles

19
Q

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid and what are their class?

A

T3 and T4 (amine)

Calcitonin (peptide)

20
Q

What is the function of T3 and T4?

A

Stimulates skeletal growth
Oxygen consumption, heat production
Protein, fat and carb utilization
Perinatal maturation of the CNS

21
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Decreases serum Ca concentration

22
Q

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands?

A 
Parathyroid hormone (peptide) 
Functions to increase serum Ca concentration
23
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex and what is their class?

A

All steroids
Cortisol (glucocorticoid), aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)

24
Q

What is the function of cortisol?

A

Stimulates gluconeogenesis
Inhibits inflammatory responses and suppress immune response
Enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines

25
Q

What is the function of aldosterone?

A

Increases renal Na reabsorption, K secretion and H secretion

26
Q

What hormone is released from the testes?

A

Testosterone (steroid)

27
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis and male secondary sex characteristics

28
Q

What hormones are released from the ovaries?

A

Estradiol and progesterone

Steroid

29
Q

What is the function of estradiol?

A

Stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion
Maintains pregnancy

30
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle

Maintains pregnancy

31
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

A

Estradiol and progesterone (steroid)

32
Q

Which hormones are secreted from the placenta?

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogenic (hPL or human chorionic somatomammotropin) - peptides
Estriol and progesterone - steroid

33
Q

What is the function of HCG?

A

Stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in the corpus luteum of early pregnancy

34
Q

What is the function of human placental lactogenic (hPL or human chorionic somatomammotropin)?

A

Has growth hormone like and prolactin like actions during pregnancy

35
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

A

Insulin (beta cells) and glucagon (alpha cells)

Both peptides

36
Q

Which hormones are released by the kidneys?

A

Renin (peptide) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (steroid)

37
Q

What is the function of renin?

A

Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

38
Q

What is the function of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?

A

Increases intestinal absorption of Ca

Bone mineralization

39
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

NE and epinephrine (amines)

40
Q

Which hormones use the guanylate cyclase mechanism?

A

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitric oxide (NO)

41
Q

Which hormones use the tyrosine kinase mechanism?

A

Insulin, IGF-1, growth hormone and prolactin

42
Q

Which hormones use the phospholipase C mechanism (IP3/DAG)?

A

GnRH, TRH, GHRH, angiotensin II, ADH, oxytocin

NE Exam 3 (16 decks)

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