Hormones

Question 1

Which hormones are released from the hypothalamus?

Answer 1

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), somatostatin or somatotropin release inhibiting hormone (SRIF), dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)
All peptides except for PIF (amine)

Question 2

What is the function of TRH?

Answer 2

Stimulates secretion of TSH and prolactin

Question 3

What is the function of CRH?

Answer 3

Stimulates secretion of ACTH

Question 4

What is the function of GnRH?

Answer 4

Stimulates secretion of LH and FSH

Question 5

What is the function of somatostatin or somatotropin release inhibiting hormone (SRIF)?

Answer 5

Inhibits secretion of GH

Question 6

What is the function of dopamine or prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)?

Answer 6

Inhibits secretion of prolactin

Question 7

What is the function of GHRH?

Answer 7

Stimulates secretion of GH

Question 8

Which hormones are released from the anterior pituitary and what class of hormones are they?

Answer 8

All peptides

TSH, FSH, LH, GH, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and melanocyte stimulating hormones (MSH)

Question 9

What is the function of TSH?

Answer 9

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones

Question 10

What is the function of FSH?

Answer 10

Stimulates sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes

Stimulates follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries

Question 11

What is the function of LH?

Answer 11

Stimulates testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells of testes

Stimulates ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum, estrogen and progesterone synthesis in ovaries

Question 12

What is the function of GH?

Answer 12

Stimulates protein synthesis and overall growth

Question 13

What is the function of prolactin?

Answer 13

Stimulates milk production and secretion in breast

Question 14

What is the function of ACTH?

Answer 14

Stimulates synthesis and secretion of adrenal cortical hormones (cortisol, androgens and aldosterone)

Question 15

What is the function of MSH?

Answer 15

Stimulates melanin synthesis

Question 16

Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary and what class of hormones are they?

Answer 16

Oxytocin and vasopressin/ADH

Both peptides

Question 17

What is the function of oxytocin?

Answer 17

Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions

Question 18

What is the function of vasopressin/ADH?

Answer 18

Stimulates water reabsorption in principal cells of collecting ducts and constriction of arterioles

Question 19

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid and what are their class?

Answer 19

T3 and T4 (amine)

Calcitonin (peptide)

Question 20

What is the function of T3 and T4?

Answer 20

Stimulates skeletal growth
Oxygen consumption, heat production
Protein, fat and carb utilization
Perinatal maturation of the CNS

Question 21

What is the function of calcitonin?

Answer 21

Decreases serum Ca concentration

Question 22

What hormone is secreted by the parathyroid glands?

Answer 22

Parathyroid hormone (peptide) 
Functions to increase serum Ca concentration

Question 23

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex and what is their class?

Answer 23

All steroids
Cortisol (glucocorticoid), aldosterone (mineralocorticoid), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA and androstenedione (adrenal androgens)

Question 24

What is the function of cortisol?

Answer 24

Stimulates gluconeogenesis
Inhibits inflammatory responses and suppress immune response
Enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines

Question 25

What is the function of aldosterone?

Answer 25

Increases renal Na reabsorption, K secretion and H secretion

Question 26

What hormone is released from the testes?

Answer 26

Testosterone (steroid)

Question 27

What is the function of testosterone?

Answer 27

Stimulates spermatogenesis and male secondary sex characteristics

Question 28

What hormones are released from the ovaries?

Answer 28

Estradiol and progesterone | Steroid

Question 29

What is the function of estradiol?

Answer 29

Stimulates growth and development of female reproductive system, follicular phase of menstrual cycle, development of breasts, prolactin secretion Maintains pregnancy

Question 30

What is the function of progesterone?

Answer 30

Stimulates luteal phase of menstrual cycle | Maintains pregnancy

Question 31

Which hormones are secreted by the corpus luteum?

Answer 31

Estradiol and progesterone (steroid)

Question 32

Which hormones are secreted from the placenta?

Answer 32

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogenic (hPL or human chorionic somatomammotropin) - peptides Estriol and progesterone - steroid

Question 33

What is the function of HCG?

Answer 33

Stimulates estrogen and progesterone synthesis in the corpus luteum of early pregnancy

Question 34

What is the function of human placental lactogenic (hPL or human chorionic somatomammotropin)?

Answer 34

Has growth hormone like and prolactin like actions during pregnancy

Question 35

Which hormones are secreted by the pancreas?

Answer 35

Insulin (beta cells) and glucagon (alpha cells) | Both peptides

Question 36

Which hormones are released by the kidneys?

Answer 36

Renin (peptide) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (steroid)

Question 37

What is the function of renin?

Answer 37

Catalyzes conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 38

What is the function of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?

Answer 38

Increases intestinal absorption of Ca | Bone mineralization

Question 39

Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 39

NE and epinephrine (amines)

Question 40

Which hormones use the guanylate cyclase mechanism?

Answer 40

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and nitric oxide (NO)

Question 41

Which hormones use the tyrosine kinase mechanism?

Answer 41

Insulin, IGF-1, growth hormone and prolactin

Question 42

Which hormones use the phospholipase C mechanism (IP3/DAG)?

Answer 42

GnRH, TRH, GHRH, angiotensin II, ADH, oxytocin