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GAP Exam 3 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Requirements for organs to respond to hormone

A

Hormones circulate the body and can only effect cells that have the proper receptors

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2
Q

Method of action for water soluble hormones

A 
Cannot pass through phospholipid bilayer 
Use the second messenger system
The hormone (Which is the 1st messenger) must attach to a receptor on the outside of the cell which triggers a reaction within the cell and activates a second messenger inside the cell
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3
Q

Method of action for steroid hormones

A

Pass through phospholipid bilayer and bind to a receptor inside the cell (intracellular receptors)

Hormone receptor complex then binds with DNA triggering protein synthesis

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4
Q

Endocrine Gland Stimulation

A

Humoral
Hormonal
Neural

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5
Q

Hormonal Stimulation

A

One hormone triggers the release of another hormone

Thyroid stimulating hormone triggering the release of thyroid hormones

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6
Q

Humoral Stimulation

A

Changes in blood chemistry trigger hormone release

Increased blood glucose stimulating release of insulin

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7
Q

Neural Stimulation

A

A signal from the nervous system triggers hormone release

*Sympathetic NS input triggers release of epinephrine/norepinephrine

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8
Q

Hormones from anterior pituitary

A

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)(a.k.a thyrotropin)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (a.k.a Corticotropin)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)

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9
Q

Hormones from posterior pituitary

A 
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (a.k.a Vasopressin)
Oxytocin
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10
Q

Function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

A

Stimulates thyroid to release T3 and T4

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11
Q

Function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

A

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone

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12
Q

Function of Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

Stimulates the gonads to form gametes (Sperm and Ova)

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13
Q

Function of Luteinizing Hormone

A

Prompts testosterone synthesis and triggers ovulation

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14
Q

Function of Growth Hormone

A

Stimulates bone, cartilage, and muscle growth (Especially in kids)

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15
Q

Function of Prolactin

A

Stimulates breast milk production

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16
Q

Function of Antidiuretic Hormone

A

Increase blood pressure by causing a reduction in urine production
Increase blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction

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17
Q

Function of Oxytocin

A

Intensifies uterine contractions during labor
Prompts milk ejection
Promotes bonding in sexual partners and offspring

18
Q

Results of Hypersecretion of GH

A

Giantism (Puberty)

Acromegaly (Later in Life)

19
Q

Results of Hyposecretion of GH

A

Pituitary Dwarfism

20
Q

Insulin Vs Glucagon

A

Insulin lowers blood glucose

Glucogon elevates or maintains blood glucose

21
Q

Calcitonin Vs. Parathyroid Hormone

A

Calcitonin reduced blood calcium levels

Parathyroid Hormone increases blood calcium levels

22
Q

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

A

Type 1
Type 2
Gestational

23
Q

Type 1 Diabetes and Signs

A

Little to no insulin produced
Body attacks the beta cells

Frequent urination
Increased hunger/thirst
weight loss
Fatique

24
Q

Type 2 Diabetes and Signs

A

Problem with insulin receptors
Can possibly be treated with lifestyle changes

Increased hunger/thirst
weight loss
Fatigue
Increased urination

25
Q

Gestational Diabetes and Signs

A

Pregnant women (W/O Diabetes usually) develop high blood sugar during pregnancy

Usually no signs, but if there are they are common to type one and two

26
Q

Meletonin

A

Produced by pineal gland

Helps maintain sleep/wake cycle

27
Q

Alpha Cells

A

Produce Glucagon

28
Q

Beta Cells

A

Produce Insulin

29
Q

Gonad Hormones

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone

30
Q

Estrogen

A

Feminizing hormone

Promotes gamete development

31
Q

Progesterone

A

Builds and maintains uterine lining

32
Q

Testosterone

A

Masculinizing hormone

33
Q

Pancreas

A

Digestive and Endocrine organ producing digestive enzymes and hormones

34
Q

Cortisol

A

Released by adrenal cortex
Long term stress hormone(Depresses immune system)
Elevates blood glucose

35
Q

Gonadocorticoids

A

Male sex hormones (Androgens)

Mainly active in females (Due to Testosterone in males)

36
Q

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

A

Released by adrenal medulla
Increases HR, RR, Blood Pressure
Adrenaline

37
Q

Adrenal Gland (Cortex) Releases

A

Aldosterone
Cortisol
Gonadocorticoids

38
Q

Aldosterone

A

Causes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

39
Q

Thyroid Gland produces

A

T3
T4
Calcitonin

40
Q

T3 and T4

A

Increase basal metabolic rate
Permit normal growth
Requires dietarty iodine

GAP Exam 3 (5 decks)

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