Hormones

Question 1

Requirements for organs to respond to hormone

Answer 1

Hormones circulate the body and can only effect cells that have the proper receptors

Question 2

Method of action for water soluble hormones

Answer 2

Cannot pass through phospholipid bilayer 
Use the second messenger system
The hormone (Which is the 1st messenger) must attach to a receptor on the outside of the cell which triggers a reaction within the cell and activates a second messenger inside the cell

Question 3

Method of action for steroid hormones

Answer 3

Pass through phospholipid bilayer and bind to a receptor inside the cell (intracellular receptors)

Hormone receptor complex then binds with DNA triggering protein synthesis

Question 4

Endocrine Gland Stimulation

Answer 4

Humoral
Hormonal
Neural

Question 5

Hormonal Stimulation

Answer 5

One hormone triggers the release of another hormone

Thyroid stimulating hormone triggering the release of thyroid hormones

Question 6

Humoral Stimulation

Answer 6

Changes in blood chemistry trigger hormone release

Increased blood glucose stimulating release of insulin

Question 7

Neural Stimulation

Answer 7

A signal from the nervous system triggers hormone release

*Sympathetic NS input triggers release of epinephrine/norepinephrine

Question 8

Hormones from anterior pituitary

Answer 8

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)(a.k.a thyrotropin)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (a.k.a Corticotropin)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone(FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin (PRL)

Question 9

Hormones from posterior pituitary

Answer 9

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (a.k.a Vasopressin)
Oxytocin

Question 10

Function of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

Answer 10

Stimulates thyroid to release T3 and T4

Question 11

Function of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Answer 11

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol and aldosterone

Question 12

Function of Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Answer 12

Stimulates the gonads to form gametes (Sperm and Ova)

Question 13

Function of Luteinizing Hormone

Answer 13

Prompts testosterone synthesis and triggers ovulation

Question 14

Function of Growth Hormone

Answer 14

Stimulates bone, cartilage, and muscle growth (Especially in kids)

Question 15

Function of Prolactin

Answer 15

Stimulates breast milk production

Question 16

Function of Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 16

Increase blood pressure by causing a reduction in urine production
Increase blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction

Question 17

Function of Oxytocin

Answer 17

Intensifies uterine contractions during labor
Prompts milk ejection
Promotes bonding in sexual partners and offspring

Question 18

Results of Hypersecretion of GH

Answer 18

Giantism (Puberty)

Acromegaly (Later in Life)

Question 19

Results of Hyposecretion of GH

Answer 19

Pituitary Dwarfism

Question 20

Insulin Vs Glucagon

Answer 20

Insulin lowers blood glucose

Glucogon elevates or maintains blood glucose

Question 21

Calcitonin Vs. Parathyroid Hormone

Answer 21

Calcitonin reduced blood calcium levels

Parathyroid Hormone increases blood calcium levels

Question 22

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 22

Type 1
Type 2
Gestational

Question 23

Type 1 Diabetes and Signs

Answer 23

Little to no insulin produced
Body attacks the beta cells

Frequent urination
Increased hunger/thirst
weight loss
Fatique

Question 24

Type 2 Diabetes and Signs

Answer 24

Problem with insulin receptors
Can possibly be treated with lifestyle changes

Increased hunger/thirst
weight loss
Fatigue
Increased urination

Question 25

Gestational Diabetes and Signs

Answer 25

Pregnant women (W/O Diabetes usually) develop high blood sugar during pregnancy Usually no signs, but if there are they are common to type one and two

Question 26

Meletonin

Answer 26

Produced by pineal gland | Helps maintain sleep/wake cycle

Question 27

Alpha Cells

Answer 27

Produce Glucagon

Question 28

Beta Cells

Answer 28

Produce Insulin

Question 29

Gonad Hormones

Answer 29

Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone

Question 30

Estrogen

Answer 30

Feminizing hormone | Promotes gamete development

Question 31

Progesterone

Answer 31

Builds and maintains uterine lining

Question 32

Testosterone

Answer 32

Masculinizing hormone

Question 33

Pancreas

Answer 33

Digestive and Endocrine organ producing digestive enzymes and hormones

Question 34

Cortisol

Answer 34

Released by adrenal cortex Long term stress hormone(Depresses immune system) Elevates blood glucose

Question 35

Gonadocorticoids

Answer 35

Male sex hormones (Androgens) | Mainly active in females (Due to Testosterone in males)

Question 36

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Answer 36

Released by adrenal medulla Increases HR, RR, Blood Pressure Adrenaline

Question 37

Adrenal Gland (Cortex) Releases

Answer 37

Aldosterone Cortisol Gonadocorticoids

Question 38

Aldosterone

Answer 38

Causes sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

Question 39

Thyroid Gland produces

Answer 39

T3 T4 Calcitonin

Question 40

T3 and T4

Answer 40

Increase basal metabolic rate Permit normal growth Requires dietarty iodine