Brain

Question 1

Characteristics of Grey Matter

Answer 1

Unmyelinated dendrites and cell bodies

Where information is integrated

Question 2

Characteristics of White Matter

Answer 2

Myelinated axons (known as tracts)
Connects grey matter
Carries nerve impulses

Question 3

Arrangement of Grey and White Matter in Brain

Answer 3

Outer and Inner layers of Grey that surround white

Question 4

Arrangement of Grey and White Matter in Spinal Cord

Answer 4

Outer layer of white and inner layer of grey

Question 5

Function of Cerebral Cortex

Answer 5

“Thinking”

Site of Reasoning, Judgement, Personality, Memory, Sensory awareness, motor initiation, and Conscious mind

Question 6

Functional Areas of Cerebral Cortex

Answer 6

Motor Area
Sensory Area
Association Areas

Question 7

Cerebral Cortex Motor areas function

Answer 7

Voluntary motion

Question 8

Cerebral Cortex Sensory areas function

Answer 8

Conscious awareness of sensation (pain, touch, temp.)

Question 9

Cerebral cortex association areas function

Answer 9

Integrate information from a variety of sources

Question 10

Cerebral cortex motor areas location

Answer 10

Frontal Lobe

Question 11

Cerebral cortex sensory areas location

Answer 11

parietal, occipital, temporal, insular lobes

Question 12

Motor areas of Frontal Lobe

Answer 12

Primary Motor cortex
Premotor cortex
Motor Speech Area (Brocas Area)
Frontal Eye Feild

Question 13

Primary Motor Cortex Location

Answer 13

Precentral Gyrus

Question 14

Primary Motor Cortex Function

Answer 14

Control of voluntary, skilled, precise movements

Question 15

Premotor Cortex Location

Answer 15

Anterior to Primary Motor Cortex

Question 16

Function of Premotor Cortex

Answer 16

Control of learned, skilled movements (Sports)

Question 17

Location of Motor Speech Area (Brocas)

Answer 17

Present in only one hemisphere (Usually Left)

Question 18

Function of Brocas Area

Answer 18

Movement of the Tongue

Question 19

Function of Frontal Eye Field

Answer 19

Controls voluntary eye movement

Question 20

Sensory Areas

Answer 20

Primary Somatosensory Cortex
Somatosensory association area
Primary visual cortex
Visual association area
Primary auditory Cortex
Auditory association area
Primary olfactory cortex
Primary gustatory cortex
Vestibular cortex

Question 21

Function of Primary Somatosensory Cortex

Answer 21

Receives somatic sensory info (touch, pain, pressure)

Question 22

Location of primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 22

Postcentral gyrus

Question 23

Function of somatosensory association area

Answer 23

Integrates input from primary somatosensory cortex

Question 24

Location of somatosensory association area

Answer 24

Posterior to postcentral gyrus

Question 25

Function of Primary visual cortex

Answer 25

Receives visual information from optic nerve

Question 26

Location of Primary visual cortex

Answer 26

Occipital Lobe

Question 27

Function of Visual association area

Answer 27

Integrate input from primary visual cortex

Question 28

Function of Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 28

Receives auditory input from Auditory Nerve

Question 29

Location of Primary Auditory Cortex

Answer 29

Temporal Lobe

Question 30

Function of Auditory Association Area

Answer 30

Integrate input from primary auditory cortex

Question 31

Function of primary olfactory cortex

Answer 31

Processes smell information from olfactory nerve

Question 32

Location of Olfactory cortex

Answer 32

Temporal Lobe

Question 33

Function of Primary Gustatory cortex

Answer 33

Processes taste information

Question 34

Location of primary gustatory cortex

Answer 34

Insular Lobe

Question 35

Function of vestibular cortex

Answer 35

Processes balance and equilibrium

Question 36

Location of vestibular cortex

Answer 36

Insular lobe

Question 37

Multimodal Association Areas

Answer 37

``` Prefrontal Cortex Wernickes Area Gnostic Area Limbic Association Area Reticular Formation ```

Question 38

Prefrontal Cortex Function

Answer 38

"Thinking" Site of judgement, reasoning, personality, complex problem solving This is still developing in adolescence and is dependent on social interaction

Question 39

Function of Wernickes Area

Answer 39

Site of Language Comprehension

Question 40

Location of Wernickes Area

Answer 40

Usually on Left side of brain

Question 41

Gnostic Area Function

Answer 41

``` Integrates input from a variety of association areas Situational Awareness(being aware of whats going on around you) ```

Question 42

Limbic Association Area Function

Answer 42

Provides emotional impact from memories

Question 43

Reticular Formation Function

Answer 43

Keeps you alert and awake Sleep/Wake cycle Regulates dreaming sleep

Question 44

Types of Tracts

Answer 44

Association Commissural Projection

Question 45

Association Tracts

Answer 45

Connects regions of cerebral cortex within the SAME hemisphere

Question 46

Commissural Tracts

Answer 46

Connect regions in right AND left hemispheres

Question 47

Projection Tracts

Answer 47

Connect Cerebral cortex to the lower brain and spinal cord

Question 48

Diencephalon Function

Answer 48

Provides relays and switching centers for sensory, motor and visceral pathways

Question 49

What is Diencephalon composed of

Answer 49

Epithalamus Hypothalamus Thalamus

Question 50

Functions of Thalamus

Answer 50

Sorts, edits and relays info from almost all conscious senses Filters out signals deemed unimportant (background noise)

Question 51

Functions of Hypothalamus

Answer 51

``` Controls ANS Regulates body temp. Regulates pituitary gland activity(hormones) Regulates food/water intake Part of limbic system (Emotions) ```

Question 52

Function of Epithalamus

Answer 52

Regulates sleep/wake cycle | Contains pineal gland (secretes melatonin)

Question 53

Brainstem consists of

Answer 53

Pons, Medulla Oblongata, and Midbrain

Question 54

Function of Midbrain

Answer 54

Responsible for very basic aspects of vision and hearing

Question 55

Function of Pons

Answer 55

forms link between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 56

Function of Medulla Oblongata

Answer 56

Controls HR, blood pressure, swallowing and breathing

Question 57

Cardiovascular Center Function

Answer 57

Controls rate and force of heart contraction

Question 58

Respiratory Center Function

Answer 58

Controls rate and depth of breathing

Question 59

Function of Cerebellum

Answer 59

Controls movement coordination Stores memories of learned movements (muscle memory) Proprioceptive input for balance and posture (being able to touch your nose with your eyes closed)

Question 60

3 Meningeal layers

Answer 60

Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater

Question 61

Dura Mater

Answer 61

Tough outermost layer formed from fibrous connective tissue

Question 62

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 62

Middle layer with web like projections

Question 63

Pia Mater

Answer 63

Thin innermost layer that clings to brain and spinal cord

Question 64

Location of CSP

Answer 64

Subarachnoid- layer in between arachnoid and pia

Question 65

Function of Spinal Cord

Answer 65

provides communication to and from brain

Question 66

Where spinal cord begins and ends

Answer 66

Begins at foramen magnum and ends at L1 vertebra

Question 67

Info carried by ventral root of spinal cord

Answer 67

Motor information

Question 68

Info carried by dorsal root of spinal cord

Answer 68

Sensory information

Question 69

Are spinal nerves motor or sensory

Answer 69

ALWAYS MIXED

Question 70

Are cranial nerves motor or sensory

Answer 70

Can be either or mixed