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Clinical Chemistry > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Two examples of cortical hypofunction

A

Addison’s Disease

Hypoaldosteronism

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2
Q

Two examples of cortical hyperfunction

A

Cushing’s Disease (Syndrome)

Hyperaldosteronism

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3
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an example of

A

Enzyme Deficiemcy

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4
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

Superior to both kidneys

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5
Q

The 3 zones of the adrenal gland are…

A

The G-zone, the F-zone, the R-zone

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6
Q

What are the two aspects of the adrenal gland?

A

Cortex and medulla

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7
Q

What type of a hormone is aldosterone?

A

Mineralcorticoid

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8
Q

Mineralocorticoids help us retain what two things?

A

Sodium

Water

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9
Q

Renin is an enzyme that converts what to what?

A

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

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10
Q

What is the source of Renin?

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

What does ACE do?

Where is ACE found?

A

Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Lungs

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12
Q

What stimulates Kidney to release renin

A

Decrease in BV/BP

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13
Q

What regulates aldosterone secretion?

A

Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System

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14
Q

The release of ADH is stimulated by

A

Angiotensin II

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15
Q

What is the main steroid of the G-Zone?

A

Aldosterone

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16
Q

What is the main regulator of the G-Zone?

A

Renin angiotensin system (RAS)

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17
Q

What is the main function of the G-Zone?

A

Blood pressure and K homeostasis

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18
Q

Main glucocorticoid

A

Cortisol

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19
Q

What are two functions of glucocorticoids?

A

Maintain BP

Maintain glucose homeostasis

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20
Q

Three major gonadocorticoids are _____.

A

DHEA-S
DHEA
Androstenedione

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21
Q

Why does cortisol lead to an increase in BP?

A

It is a vasoconstrictor..

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22
Q

This hormone promotes catabolic action of protein and fat

A

Cortisol

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23
Q

Diurnal variation and negative feedback can be overridden by

A

Cortisol

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24
Q

Mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex

A

Aldosterone

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25
Q

This hormone regulates reabsorbtion in the renal tubules

A

Aldosterone

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26
Q

Aldosterone can lead to ________.

A

Hypertension

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27
Q

Increases in aldosterone can cause _______ retention

A

Na+ and H2O

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28
Q

Decreases in aldosterone can lead to severe _____ and ______ abnormalities

A

Water, elecrrolytes

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29
Q

Addison’s disease is a..

A

Primary adrenal insufficiency

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30
Q

Demographic that Addison’s disease primarily affects

A

All age groups, equally among genders

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31
Q

The hypothalamus uses CRH to induce the pituitary gland to release ______.

A

ACTH

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32
Q

When given corsyntropin normal patients will produce more

A

Cortisol

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33
Q

Low AM cortisol and high ACTH may indicate

A

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency

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34
Q

Cosyntropin is user in the

A

ACTH stimulation test

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35
Q

High and low panic values for pH

A
  1. 2

7. 6

36
Q

Death values for pH

A
  1. 8

7. 8

37
Q

Most potent androgen

A

DHT

38
Q

Major circulating androgen

A

Testosterone

39
Q

What are the three major parts of the adrenal cortex?

A

G Zone
F Zone
R Zone

40
Q

The adrenal gland is composed of _____ and _____.

A

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

41
Q

What syndrome is associated with the R-Zone

A

Androgen excess syndromr

42
Q

Production of gonadocorticoids decreases after age _____.

A

30

43
Q

In order to prevent the formation of angiotensin II a person can take _____.

A

An ACE Inhibitor

44
Q

We produce only _____ of gonadocorticoids after age 70.

A

20%

45
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Adrenal medulla hyperfunction

46
Q

Osteoporosis can be promoted by _____.

A

Cortisol

47
Q

Cortisol stimulates ______ of carbohydrates

A

Gluconeogenesis

48
Q

In terms of leukocytes, cortisol increases _____ and decreases _____.

A

Increases: PMNs
Decreases: Lymphs, monos, eos.

49
Q

An important mineralocorticoid

A

Aldosterone

50
Q

A patient may have a low TP due to an increase in this glucocorticoid.

A

Cortisol

51
Q

This glucocorticoid can lead to immunosuppression.

A

Cortisol

52
Q

The Renin-Angiotensin system regulates ____.

A

Aldosterone

53
Q

Extracellular potassium and sodium regulates this mineralocorticoid.

A

Aldosterone

54
Q

To a much lesser extent than other factors, _____ regulates aldosterone levels.

A

ACTH

55
Q

«6.8 or&raquo_space;7.8 are _____ values of pH

A

Death

56
Q

A patient is experiencing poor wound healing and ACTH levels are elevated. Which hormone may be causing this?

A

Cortisol

57
Q

Sodium and water retention are promoted by _____.

A

Aldosterone

58
Q

This hormone can lead to increased blood sugar.

A

Cortisol

59
Q

Diurnal variation is affected by this hormone.

A

Cortisol

60
Q

What stimulates the release of Renin?

A

Decrease in BP/BV

61
Q

Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by _____.

A

Renin

62
Q

Angiotensin II stimulates the release of _____.

A

ADH

63
Q

ADH promotes the conservation of _____.

A

Water, to increase BV/BP

64
Q

The thirst mechanism is stimulated by _____.

A

Angiotensin II

65
Q

Cortical hypofunction decreases the levels of all _____.

A

Adrenal steroids

66
Q

Hypofunction of adrenal gland can also be called _____.

A

Cortical hypofunction

67
Q

Hyperfunction of adrenal gland can also be called _____.

A

Cortical hyperfunction

68
Q

Cortical hyperfunction can creates an excess of this hormone.

A

Androgen

69
Q

The most common cause of adrenal cortex dysfunction is _____.

A

Adrenal cortex damage

70
Q

Primary hypofunction means

A

High tropic hormone and low target hormone

71
Q

Primary adrenal insufficiency

A

Addison’s disease

72
Q

ACTH stimulation testing should be at ____ min, ____ min, _____ min.

A

0, 30, 60

73
Q

Cosyntropin is used for

A

Adrenal insufficiency testing

74
Q

Master gland (per lecture)

A

Hypothalamus

75
Q

Three types of corticoids

A

Mineralo, Gluco, Gonado

76
Q

_____ secretes TRH which stimulates _____ to release _____ which targets _____.

A

Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
TSH
Thyroid Gland

77
Q

The target gland of TSH is the

A

Thyroid gland

78
Q

TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release these three hormones.

A

T3, T4, Calcitonin

79
Q

_____&raquo_space; _____&raquo_space; Adrenal Cortex&raquo_space; _____

A

CRH (Corticotropic)
ACTH
Adrenaline

80
Q

GnRH&raquo_space; _____&raquo_space; Ovarian follicles

A

FSH

81
Q

GHRH stimulates the _____ to release _____

A

Anterior Pituitary

LH

82
Q

FSH leads the ovarian follicles to release _____ and _____.

A

Estradiol

Progesterone

83
Q

Two forms of Growth Hormone

A

GHRH and GHIH

84
Q

PIF and PRL stimulate AP to release

A

Prolactin

85
Q

_____ and _____ are needed to stimulate the mammary glands.

A

Oxytocin and Prolactin

86
Q

Which hormone is self regulating?

A

Prolactin

87
Q

What makes Prolactin unique?

A

It is inhibitory.

Clinical Chemistry (8 decks)

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