Hormones Flashcards
Two examples of cortical hypofunction
Addison’s Disease
Hypoaldosteronism
Two examples of cortical hyperfunction
Cushing’s Disease (Syndrome)
Hyperaldosteronism
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an example of
Enzyme Deficiemcy
Where are the adrenal glands located?
Superior to both kidneys
The 3 zones of the adrenal gland are…
The G-zone, the F-zone, the R-zone
What are the two aspects of the adrenal gland?
Cortex and medulla
What type of a hormone is aldosterone?
Mineralcorticoid
Mineralocorticoids help us retain what two things?
Sodium
Water
Renin is an enzyme that converts what to what?
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
What is the source of Renin?
Kidneys
What does ACE do?
Where is ACE found?
Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Lungs
What stimulates Kidney to release renin
Decrease in BV/BP
What regulates aldosterone secretion?
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
The release of ADH is stimulated by
Angiotensin II
What is the main steroid of the G-Zone?
Aldosterone
What is the main regulator of the G-Zone?
Renin angiotensin system (RAS)
What is the main function of the G-Zone?
Blood pressure and K homeostasis
Main glucocorticoid
Cortisol
What are two functions of glucocorticoids?
Maintain BP
Maintain glucose homeostasis
Three major gonadocorticoids are _____.
DHEA-S
DHEA
Androstenedione
Why does cortisol lead to an increase in BP?
It is a vasoconstrictor..
This hormone promotes catabolic action of protein and fat
Cortisol
Diurnal variation and negative feedback can be overridden by
Cortisol
Mineralocorticoid of the adrenal cortex
Aldosterone
This hormone regulates reabsorbtion in the renal tubules
Aldosterone
Aldosterone can lead to ________.
Hypertension
Increases in aldosterone can cause _______ retention
Na+ and H2O
Decreases in aldosterone can lead to severe _____ and ______ abnormalities
Water, elecrrolytes
Addison’s disease is a..
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Demographic that Addison’s disease primarily affects
All age groups, equally among genders
The hypothalamus uses CRH to induce the pituitary gland to release ______.
ACTH
When given corsyntropin normal patients will produce more
Cortisol
Low AM cortisol and high ACTH may indicate
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Cosyntropin is user in the
ACTH stimulation test
High and low panic values for pH
- 2
7. 6
Death values for pH
- 8
7. 8
Most potent androgen
DHT
Major circulating androgen
Testosterone
What are the three major parts of the adrenal cortex?
G Zone
F Zone
R Zone
The adrenal gland is composed of _____ and _____.
Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
What syndrome is associated with the R-Zone
Androgen excess syndromr
Production of gonadocorticoids decreases after age _____.
30
In order to prevent the formation of angiotensin II a person can take _____.
An ACE Inhibitor
We produce only _____ of gonadocorticoids after age 70.
20%
Pheochromocytoma
Adrenal medulla hyperfunction
Osteoporosis can be promoted by _____.
Cortisol
Cortisol stimulates ______ of carbohydrates
Gluconeogenesis
In terms of leukocytes, cortisol increases _____ and decreases _____.
Increases: PMNs
Decreases: Lymphs, monos, eos.
An important mineralocorticoid
Aldosterone
A patient may have a low TP due to an increase in this glucocorticoid.
Cortisol
This glucocorticoid can lead to immunosuppression.
Cortisol
The Renin-Angiotensin system regulates ____.
Aldosterone
Extracellular potassium and sodium regulates this mineralocorticoid.
Aldosterone
To a much lesser extent than other factors, _____ regulates aldosterone levels.
ACTH
«6.8 or»_space;7.8 are _____ values of pH
Death
A patient is experiencing poor wound healing and ACTH levels are elevated. Which hormone may be causing this?
Cortisol
Sodium and water retention are promoted by _____.
Aldosterone
This hormone can lead to increased blood sugar.
Cortisol
Diurnal variation is affected by this hormone.
Cortisol
What stimulates the release of Renin?
Decrease in BP/BV
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by _____.
Renin
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of _____.
ADH
ADH promotes the conservation of _____.
Water, to increase BV/BP
The thirst mechanism is stimulated by _____.
Angiotensin II
Cortical hypofunction decreases the levels of all _____.
Adrenal steroids
Hypofunction of adrenal gland can also be called _____.
Cortical hypofunction
Hyperfunction of adrenal gland can also be called _____.
Cortical hyperfunction
Cortical hyperfunction can creates an excess of this hormone.
Androgen
The most common cause of adrenal cortex dysfunction is _____.
Adrenal cortex damage
Primary hypofunction means
High tropic hormone and low target hormone
Primary adrenal insufficiency
Addison’s disease
ACTH stimulation testing should be at ____ min, ____ min, _____ min.
0, 30, 60
Cosyntropin is used for
Adrenal insufficiency testing
Master gland (per lecture)
Hypothalamus
Three types of corticoids
Mineralo, Gluco, Gonado
_____ secretes TRH which stimulates _____ to release _____ which targets _____.
Hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary
TSH
Thyroid Gland
The target gland of TSH is the
Thyroid gland
TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to release these three hormones.
T3, T4, Calcitonin
_____»_space; _____»_space; Adrenal Cortex»_space; _____
CRH (Corticotropic)
ACTH
Adrenaline
GnRH»_space; _____»_space; Ovarian follicles
FSH
GHRH stimulates the _____ to release _____
Anterior Pituitary
LH
FSH leads the ovarian follicles to release _____ and _____.
Estradiol
Progesterone
Two forms of Growth Hormone
GHRH and GHIH
PIF and PRL stimulate AP to release
Prolactin
_____ and _____ are needed to stimulate the mammary glands.
Oxytocin and Prolactin
Which hormone is self regulating?
Prolactin
What makes Prolactin unique?
It is inhibitory.
