Electrolytes Flashcards
Increased osmolality is sensed by the ______ and ______ is secreted.
Hypothalamus, ADH
_____ follows _____
and
_____ follows _____
H2O, Na+
Cl-, Na+
Osmolality definition
Concentration of solute (in millimoles) per kg solvent
What is the osmol gap?
Difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality
Increases in osmolality turn on the _____ mechanism.
Thirst
Osmolarity
Old term. mOsm/Liter.
Not appropriate for urine specimens or serum with lipidemia, hyperproteinemia, and large amts of EtOH
Specimens fir testing osmolality
Serum or urine
If the pt has a serum osmolality»_space; _______ mOsm/kg then they have a poor prognosis.
40
An increased osmolality may indicate
Ingestion of poison, ethylene glycol, methanol or isopropanol
There is usually ______ mEq/L of anions or cations
154
mEq/L is equivalent to:
mmol/L
Anion gap reference range
10-17 mEq/L
The formula for calculating anion gap is…
[Na + K] - [Cl + HCO3]
Electrolytes maintain… (Three things)
pH
Osmotic Pressure
Proper heart and muscle function
Electrolytes act in _______ reactions.
Electrolytes act as _______ in enzyme reactions
Oxidation Reduction
Cofactors in enzyme reactions
These three things may lead to abnormal electrolyte loss
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Perspiration
Major cations in ECF
Na+ and K+
Major anions in ECF
Cl- HCO3-
Most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium
40 percent of plasma or serum calcium is bound to
Plasma proteins (esp albumin)
98 percent of body’s calcium is in
Bones
45 percent of plasma/serum calcium is
Free or ionized
Only _____ calcium is physiologically active.
Ionized
There is ______ ionized calcium at acid pH.
More
3 Forms of plasma or serum Calcium
Free or ionized
Complexed with anions, esp phosphate and citrate
Bound to plasma proteins, esp Albumin
Calcium is involved in the formation, maintenance, and repair of _____.
Bone
Where is calcium absorbed?
Small intestine, mostly jejunum.
This hormone functions when there is a decrease in Ca++
PTH
PTH mobilizes calcium from
Bones
Major cations
Na+ K+ Ca++
Renal perfusion pressure is detected by ______.
Stretch receptors in vasculature.
