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Clinical Chemistry > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

Increased osmolality is sensed by the ______ and ______ is secreted.

A

Hypothalamus, ADH

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2
Q

_____ follows _____

and

_____ follows _____

A

H2O, Na+

Cl-, Na+

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3
Q

Osmolality definition

A

Concentration of solute (in millimoles) per kg solvent

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4
Q

What is the osmol gap?

A

Difference between measured osmolality and calculated osmolality

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5
Q

Increases in osmolality turn on the _____ mechanism.

A

Thirst

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5
Q

Osmolarity

A

Old term. mOsm/Liter.

Not appropriate for urine specimens or serum with lipidemia, hyperproteinemia, and large amts of EtOH

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6
Q

Specimens fir testing osmolality

A

Serum or urine

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7
Q

If the pt has a serum osmolality&raquo_space; _______ mOsm/kg then they have a poor prognosis.

A

40

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8
Q

An increased osmolality may indicate

A

Ingestion of poison, ethylene glycol, methanol or isopropanol

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9
Q

There is usually ______ mEq/L of anions or cations

A

154

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10
Q

mEq/L is equivalent to:

A

mmol/L

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11
Q

Anion gap reference range

A

10-17 mEq/L

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12
Q

The formula for calculating anion gap is…

A

[Na + K] - [Cl + HCO3]

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13
Q

Electrolytes maintain… (Three things)

A

pH
Osmotic Pressure
Proper heart and muscle function

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14
Q

Electrolytes act in _______ reactions.

Electrolytes act as _______ in enzyme reactions

A

Oxidation Reduction

Cofactors in enzyme reactions

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15
Q

These three things may lead to abnormal electrolyte loss

A

Vomiting
Diarrhea
Perspiration

16
Q

Major cations in ECF

A

Na+ and K+

17
Q

Major anions in ECF

A

Cl- HCO3-

18
Q

Most abundant mineral in the body

A

Calcium

19
Q

40 percent of plasma or serum calcium is bound to

A

Plasma proteins (esp albumin)

20
Q

98 percent of body’s calcium is in

A

Bones

21
Q

45 percent of plasma/serum calcium is

A

Free or ionized

22
Q

Only _____ calcium is physiologically active.

A

Ionized

23
Q

There is ______ ionized calcium at acid pH.

A

More

24
Q

3 Forms of plasma or serum Calcium

A

Free or ionized
Complexed with anions, esp phosphate and citrate
Bound to plasma proteins, esp Albumin

25
Q

Calcium is involved in the formation, maintenance, and repair of _____.

A

Bone

26
Q

Where is calcium absorbed?

A

Small intestine, mostly jejunum.

27
Q

This hormone functions when there is a decrease in Ca++

A

PTH

28
Q

PTH mobilizes calcium from

A

Bones

29
Q

Major cations

A

Na+ K+ Ca++

30
Q

Renal perfusion pressure is detected by ______.

A

Stretch receptors in vasculature.

Clinical Chemistry (8 decks)

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