Hormones

Question 1

Where is leptin secreted?

Answer 1

cells in adipose tissue

Question 2

Where does leptin act?

Answer 2

acts on the hypothalamus

Question 3

What is the role of leptin?

Answer 3

inhibit appetite

Question 4

What causes the secretion of testosterone?

Answer 4

a gene on the y chromosome causes embryonic gonads to develop testes, which secretes testosterone

Question 5

What is a gonad?

Answer 5

blanket term for reproductive tissue

Question 6

What does testosterone do?

Answer 6

causes prenatal development of male genitalia and both sperm production and development of male secondary sexual characteristics during puberty

Question 7

What is the role of estrogen and progesterone?

Answer 7

causes pre-natal development of female reproductive organs and female secondary sexual characteristics during puberty

Question 8

What controls the menstrual cycle?

Answer 8

negative and positive feedback mechanisms involving ovarian and pituitary hormones

Question 9

What controls blood sugar?

Answer 9

insulin and glucagon

Question 10

What happens when blood sugar levels are high?

Answer 10

Insulin is released from beta cells which signal adipose cells to intake glucose

Question 11

What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?

Answer 11

Glucagon is released from alpha cells which signals liver to turn glycogen into glucose

Question 12

Where are insulin and glucagon released?

Answer 12

Pancreas

Question 13

Where is thyroxine released?

Answer 13

thyroid gland

Question 14

What is the role of thyroxine?

Answer 14

regulate metabolic rate and body temperature

Question 15

What is a symptom of low iodine levels?

Answer 15

Goitre

Question 16

What is hypothyroid?

Answer 16

not enough thyroxine

Question 17

What is hyperthyroid?

Answer 17

too much thyroxine

Question 18

Where does thyroxine act?

Answer 18

the whole body

Question 19

What does thyroxine do?

Answer 19

signals anterior pituitary gland to release TFH

Question 20

What does TFH do?

Answer 20

signals pituitary gland to release TSH

Question 21

What does TSH do?

Answer 21

stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine

Question 22

What is the role of melatonin?

Answer 22

biological clock, control circadian rhythms

Question 23

Where does melatonin act?

Answer 23

many organs

Question 24

Where is melatonin secreted?

Answer 24

pineal gland

Question 25

What inhibits melatonin release?

Answer 25

bright light

Question 26

What is a steroid hormone?

Answer 26

lipophilic hormones which difuse through a membrane binding to hormone receptor complexes which then bind directly to DNA

Question 27

What is a peptide hormone?

Answer 27

lypophobic hormone which binds to receptors on the exterior of cells which use relay molecules to send a message

Question 28

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 28

A region in the brain which is in control of the endocrine system; receives signals from nerves as well can be triggered by hormones in the blood

Question 29

What is the anterior gland of the pituitary gland

Answer 29

Gland which secretes hormones according to signals from the hypothalamus

Question 30

What is the posterior gland of the pituitary gland?

Answer 30

Releases hormones produced by the hypothalamus

Question 31

What is GnRH?

Answer 31

Hormone produced in the hypothalamus, responsible for releasing LH and FSH from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 32

What is CRH?

Answer 32

Hormone created by the hypothalamus which controls stress levels, triggers release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 33

What is ACTH?

Answer 33

Hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland which is related to stress regulation

Question 34

What is the target organ of ACTH?

Answer 34

Adrenal Cortex

Question 35

What is PRH?

Answer 35

Hormone released from the hypothalamus which releases Prolactin

Question 36

What is prolactin?

Answer 36

Organ which enables women to produce milk

Question 37

What is the target organ of prolactin?

Answer 37

mammary gland

Question 38

What is GHRH?

Answer 38

hormone released from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland to signal released of growth hormone

Question 39

What is GH?

Answer 39

growth hormone, Peptide hormone which travels from the anterior pituitary gland to signal growth

Question 40

What is the target organ of the GH?

Answer 40

Liver and others

Question 41

What is ADH?

Answer 41

Hormone released from the hypothalamus and then the posterior pituitary gland, signals liver to control water levels in blood

Question 42

What is Oxytocin?

Answer 42

Hormone released from the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland to stimulate lactation as well as other related functions with having a child

Question 43

What is an autocrine cell?

Answer 43

releases hormones to self trigger itself

Question 44

What is a paracrine cell?

Answer 44

releases hormones to trigger neighbouring cells

Question 45

What is an endocrine cell?

Answer 45

releases hormones to trigger distant cells