Diploma Prep: Endocrine System Flashcards
What is a steroid hormone, what is it made of?
Hormone diffuses into target cell, cholestrol
What is a protein hormone?
hormone which attaches to receptors on the outside of the cell membrane, promotes the formation of Cyclic AMP (CAMP)
What is a negative feedback loop? Give an example
Reaction that causes a decrease in action, calcitonin, pth, insulin/glucagon,
What is a positive feedback loop? Give an example
Reaction that causes am increase in action, FSH/LH, oxytocin (increasing strength/frequency of contractions)
What hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?
gh, msh, acth, tsh, fsh, lh, prolactin
What hormones are released from the posterior pituitary gland?
adh, oxytocin,
What does the thymus secrete?
thymosin
What does the pancreas secrete?
insulin, glucagon
What does the adrenal cortex secrete?
cortisol,
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
epinepherine, norepinepherine
What does the corpus luteum secrete?
progesterone
What do the testes secrete?
testosterone
What do the seritoli cells secrete?
inhibin
What does the thyroid gland secrete?
thyroxine
What does thyroxine do?
controls metabolism,
What are some bad things that happen to the thyroid gland?
hypo/hyperthyroidism / goitre
What does calcitonin do?
lowers calcium levels, bones absorb, kidneys secrete it, digestive system absorbs less
What does the parathyroid hormone do?
increases blood calcium levels, bone releases calcium, kidneys reabsorb calcium, digestive system absorbs calcium
What cells make insulin?
beta cells
What cells make glucagon?
alpha cells
What is diabetes mellitus type 1, how is it treated?
Beta cells are destroyed so no insulin is produced, insulin injections
What is diabetes mellitus type 2?
deficiency in insulin receptors on cell membrane, diet and exercise
What are symptoms of diabetes?
thirsty, fatigue, sugary urine,
How is the adrenal medulla stimulated?
sympathetic nervous system impulse
What are the two components of the adrenal gland?
adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex
What are secreted from the adrenal cortex?
mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) and glucocorticoids (cortisol)
What is the main mineralcorticoid, what does it do/responsible for?
aldosterone, inceases sodium reabsorbtion
What is the main glucocorticoid, what does it do/responsible for?
cortisol, promotes use of fats and amino acids for energy instead of gluce, long-term stress
What are the two parts of a stress response?
SNS -> adrenal medulla -> epinepherine
anterior pituitary -> adrenal cortex -> cortisol and aldosterone
