Hormones

Question 1

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 1

Source- Anterior pituitary
Type- Peptide
Action- stimulates ovulation in females; testosterone synthesis in males

Question 2

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 2

Source- anterior pituitary
Type- peptide
Action- stimulates follicle maturation in females; spermatogenesis in males

Question 3

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 3

Source- Anterior Pituitary
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates the adrenal cortex to synthesize and secrete glucocorticoids

Question 4

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 4

Source- Anterior Pituitary
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones

Question 5

Prolactin

Answer 5

Source- Anterior Pituitary
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates milk production and secretion

Question 6

Endorphins

Answer 6

Source- Anterior Pituitary
Type- Peptide
Action- Decreases sensation of pain; can promote euphoria

Question 7

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 7

Source- Anterior Pituitary
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates bone and muscle growth; raises blood glucose levels

Question 8

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin)

Answer 8

Source: Hypothalamus (released by posterior pituitary)
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates water reabsorption in kidneys by increasing permeability of collecting duct

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Source- hypothalamus (released by the posterior pituitary)
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk secretion during lactation; may promote bonding behavior

Question 10

Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Answer 10

Source- Thyroid (follicular cells)
Type- Amino acid derivative
Action- Stimulate metabolic activity

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

Source- Thyroid (parafollicular or C cells)
Type- Peptide
Action- Decreases blood calcium concentrations

Question 12

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 12

Source- Parathyroids
Type- Peptide
Action- Increase blood calcium concentrations

Question 13

Glucocorticoids (cortisol and cortisone)

Answer 13

Source- Adrenal Cortex
Type- Steroid
Action- Increase blood glucose concentrations; decrease protein synthesis; anti-inflammatory

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)

Answer 14

Source- Adrenal Cortex
Type- Steroid
Action- Increase water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing sodium reabsorption, promote potassium and hydrogen ion excretion

Question 15

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 15

Source- Adrenal Medulla
Type- Amino acid derivative
Action- Increase blood glucose concentrations and hear rate; dilate bronchi; alter blood flow of patterns

Question 16

Glucagon

Answer 16

Source- Pancreas (alpha cells)
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis); increase blood glucose concentrations

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Source- Pancreas (beta cells)
Type- Peptide
Action- Lowers blood glucose concentrations and increases anabolic processes

Question 18

Somatostatin

Answer 18

Source- Pancreas (gamma cells)
Type- Peptide
Action- Suppresses secretion of glucagon and insulin

Question 19

Testosterone

Answer 19

Source- Testis (and adrenal cortex)
Type- Steroid
Action- Develops and maintains male reproductive system and male secondary sex characteristics

Question 20

Estrogen

Answer 20

Source- Ovary ( and placenta)
Type- Steroid
Action- Develops and maintains female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics

Question 21

Progesterone

Answer 21

Source- Ovary (and placenta)
Type- Steroid
Action- Promotes maintenance of the endometrium

Question 22

Melatonin

Answer 22

Source- Pineal Gland
Type- Peptide
Action- Involved in circadian rhythms

Question 23

Erythropoietin

Answer 23

Source- Kidney
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes

Question 24

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Answer 24

Source- Heart (atria)
Type- Peptide
Action- Promotes salt and water excretion

Question 25

Thymosin

Answer 25

Source- Thymus
Type- Peptide
Action- Stimulates T-cell development