hormones

Question 1

what is a hormone

Answer 1

-a chemical substance produced by a gland, carried by blood then alters the activity of more than one specific target organs and is then destroyed by the liver

Question 2

how does insulin decrease blood glucose concentration

Answer 2

-making cell membranes more permeable to glucose, increasing the rate of glucose uptake by cells
-stimulating the liver and muscle cells to convert glucose into glycogen for storage
-increasing the oxidation of glucose during tissue respiration

Question 3

define and explain the effects of diabetes mellitus

Answer 3

-a condition where the body does not secrete enough insulin to control blood glucose concentration
-BGC reaches a level that exceeds the kidney’s ability to reabsorb glucose and it is excreted in urine
-muscle cells have no reserves of glycogen, body grows weak and continuously loses weight
-body oxidises fat for energy, resulting in the production of poisonous substance ketones, leading to ketonuria

Question 4

describe type 2 diabetes

Answer 4

-late onset diabetes that develop when target cells like muscle cells do not respond well to insulin
-treatment is controlling dietary intake, exercising and lifestyle changes

Question 5

signs of diabetes

Answer 5

-glucose present in urine after a meal
-persistently high BGC
-slow and difficult healing of wounds

Question 6

how does glucagon increase the BGC

Answer 6

-stimulating conversion of glycogen, fats, amino acids, and lactic acid into glucose

Question 7

describe adrenaline secretion

Answer 7

-stress and anxiety stimulate certain sensory neurones in the hypothalamus
-adrenal medulla is stimulated, producing adrenaline
-adrenaline is carried by blood to target organs
-bringing about short term response that prepares body for flight or fight reaction