Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE BIOLOGY UNIT 1 > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What does the term homeostasis mean?

A

The body’s ability to keep things constant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is homeostasis important?

A

As it allows for the proper functioning of cells and enzymes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What two type of ways does the body experience changes? What do these changes influence?

A

-Internal and external
The functioning of the body’s cells and organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What can hormones be used for?

A

To maintain a consistent internal environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers that travel in the blood to their target organ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is insulin?

A

A hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does insulin prevent?

A

Blood glucose levels from becoming too high by lowering the concentration of glucose in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is blood glucose concentration constantly monitored by?

A

The pancreas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the major stages that are involved in maintaining a constant blood sugar (glucose) concentration?

A
  1. You eat and the sugars are absorbed via the small intestine into the blood.
  2. Blood sugar levels increas and the pancreas detects this.
  3. Special cells in the pancreas produce insulin which is then released into the blood and travels to the main target organ, the LIVER.
  4. In the liver insulin causes: increased absorption of glucose from the blood, increased conversion of excess glucose into glycogen which is stored in the liver, increased rate of respiration.
  5. Blood sugar levels decrease.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the target organ for insulin?

A

The liver.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What hormone reacts the opposite of insulin?

A

Glucagon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When will insulin stop producing?

A

When the blood sugar level reaches normal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In terms of insulin, what happens when blood sugar levels are low? What does this mean?

A

-Less insulin is produced.
-The processes don’t take place or do so at a SLOWER rate to allow a raise in the blood sugar level.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A condition in which the blood glucose control mechanism fails.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

A

-High blood glucose level
-Extreme thirst
-Lethargy
-Glucose in urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the long term effects of diabetes?

A

-Heart disease
-Retinopathy
-Kidney failure
-Strokes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In terms of insulin, what does type 1 diabetes do?

A

Stops producing insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In terms of insulin, what does type 2 diabetes do?

A

Stops producing ENOUGH insulin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of process is osmoregulation?

A

Homeostatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is water gained by the body?

A

-Drinking
-In foods
-As a waste product in respiration

21
Q

How is water lost by the body?

A

-Evaporation of sweat
-Breathing out water vapour
-In urine

22
Q

What does osmoregulation do?

A

Maintain the water balance in the body.

23
Q

Explain type 1 diabetes:

A

-Usually occurs early in life
-Pancreas stops producing oxygen
-Can be treated by an injection of insulin and a controlled diet
-The intake of carbohydrates i closely monitored.

24
Q

Explain type 2 diabetes:

A

-It is a progressive disease
-It is linked with lifestyle factors and obesity
-The pancreas gradually stops producing enough insulin
-In early stages it can e treated with a controlled diet but later my also require an insulin injection

25
Q

What kind of an attack can happen when blood glucose levels are too low? What will result in this attack?

A

-A hypoglycaemic attack
-Unconciousness

26
Q

Why is the number of people with diabetes increasing?

A

obesity is becoming increasingly common.

27
Q

When cut open the kidney has two main regions, what are they and where are they?

A

-Cortex (outside)
-Medulla (inside)

28
Q

What 2 blood vessels are in the kidney?

A

-Renal artery
-Renal vein

29
Q

What does the renal artery do?

A

Brings blood that needs cleaned.

30
Q

What are the two roles of the kidney?

A

-Filters the waste UREA out of the blood
-Osmoregulation

31
Q

Where does blood enter in the kidney?

A

The renal artery

32
Q

What is the cortex?

A

The outer part of the kidney.

33
Q

What happens when the blood reaches the cortex?

A

Much of the liquid portion from the blood and many of the substances dissolved in it are filtered out.

34
Q

What happens in the medulla region? When does this stop?

A

-Water and other useful substances are re absorbed back into the blood in a controlled way.
-Until normal concentrations are reached.

35
Q

What happens to the materials that were not re absorbed such as urea?

A

They are drained into special structures called collecting ducts.

36
Q

Where do the collecting ducts pass through?

A

The medulla and into the pelvis of the kidney.

37
Q

Where are the collecting ducts emptied out?

A

The ureters.

38
Q

What do the ureters do?

A

Pass urine to the bladder where it will be stored until it is passed out via the urethra.

39
Q

What happens when we drink large amount of water?

A

Our body becomes over hydrated.

40
Q

When over hydrated how do we loose the excess water?

A

By producing large quantities of dilute urine.

41
Q

What is the name given to the hormone which controls the reabsorption of water back into the blood?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH).

42
Q

What happens if there is too little water in the blood? What does this mean for ADH?

A

The blood becomes more concentrated and more ADH will be released.

43
Q

Where does ADH travel?

A

In the blood.

44
Q

What is the target organ of ADH?

A

The kidney.

45
Q

In the kidney medulla what does ADH cause? What does this mean for the urine produced?

A

-More water to be re absorbed back into the blood.
-Urine will have less water in it and so will produce a small amount of concentrated urine.

46
Q

What happens if there is too much water in the blood? What does this mean for re absorption?

A

-ADH won’t be released.
-Less water will be re absorbed.

47
Q

If there is too much water in the blood, what does this mean in terms of urine?

A

-Large volumes of dilute urine will be produced to get rid of the excess water to maintain a balance of water in the blood.

48
Q

What muscles holds urine in the bladder?

A

The sphincter muscle.

GCSE BIOLOGY UNIT 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions