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GCSE BIOLOGY UNIT 1 > Food and Energy > Flashcards

Food and Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main functions of food?

A
  • Energy
  • Growth
  • Repair and function of cells
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2
Q

What are the three important groups of biological molecules?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Fats
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3
Q

What elements do carbohydrates, proteins and fats all contain?

A

Hydrogen, carbon and oxygen.

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4
Q

What other element do all proteins contain?

A

Nitrogen.

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5
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrate?

A

Simple and complex.

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6
Q

What are simple carbohydrates and give some examples?

A

Sugars such as fructose (fruit), glucose (corn), sucrose (table) and lactose. THEY ALL TASTE SWEET!

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7
Q

What are complex carbohydrates or polysaccharides?

A

Composed of long chains of the sugars joined together.

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8
Q

Simple carbohydrates are soluble in water: what does this provide?

A

A fast acting energy source.

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9
Q

Do complex carbohydrates take a longer or shorter time to digest and what does this?

A

Much longer to digest and act as a slow release energy source (energy store).

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10
Q

Cellulose cannot be digested by humans, but play a crucial role in our diet as fibre-why is important?

A

Digestion of food-lower risk of heart disease.

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11
Q

What do plants do with sugar?

A

They STORE it in the form of STARCH.

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12
Q

What happens after we eat starch?

A

It is digested or changed into sugars and used as a source of energy.

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13
Q

What do animals and humans do with sugar?

A

They STORE it in the form of GLYCOGEN.

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14
Q

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

A

In the liver.

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15
Q

Although the body uses glycogen to store sugar-what will it do if we need it?

A

It can readily broken down.

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16
Q

What is protein usually used for?

A

Growth and repair.

17
Q

Proteins are complex molecules made up of?

A

Amino acids.

18
Q

What are some examples of complex carbohydrates?

A
  • Cellulose
  • Starch
  • Glycogen
19
Q

What happens when proteins are digested?

A

The amino acids are absorbed into the blood and can be reassembled into the different proteins (all 20 of them) the body needs.

20
Q

What structural role do some proteins have?

A

Make skin and hair.

21
Q

What are all enzymes?

A

Proteins.

22
Q

Are antibodies proteins?

A

Yes.

23
Q

Is the molecule haemoglobin a protein?

A

Yes.

24
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Proteins that act as a biological catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions.

25
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Proteins that protect you when an unwanted substance enters your body.

26
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

27
Q

What are fats an excellent source of?

A

Energy.

28
Q

In terms of how much energy produced per gram, how much more does fats provide compared to carbohydrate and protein?

A

Double the energy per gram.

29
Q

Where can fats also be stored and what does this help?

A

Beneath the skin as an insulting layer to keep us warm and protects organs.

30
Q

When fats are digested two substances are produced?

A

1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

31
Q

What reagent would you use to test for STARCH and what would be the colour change?

A

Iodine
Yellow/brown to blue/black

32
Q

What reagent would you use to test for SUGAR and what would be the colour change?

A

Benedict’s reagent
Blue to green to yellow to orange to brick red precipricate

33
Q

What reagent would you use to test for PROTEIN/AMINO ACIDS and what would be the colour change?

A

Biuret reagent
Blue to purple/lilac

34
Q

What reagent would you use to test for FAT and what would be the colour change?

A

Ethanol
Clear to white emulsion

35
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J)

36
Q

What determines how much energy food contains?

A

It depends on how much carbohydrate, fat and protein the food contains.

37
Q

Why would not all of the energy from the food be used to heat the water?

A
  • Energy lost to surroundings
  • Not all of the food was burnt
  • Energy lost in drops in fat
  • Some of the food could have fallen
38
Q

What term describes an enzyme that can work at a wide range of temperatures?

A

Thermostable.

GCSE BIOLOGY UNIT 1 (11 decks)

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