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Biology of psychology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

hormone

A

signaling molecule transported to organs to affect physiology + behaviour

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2
Q

steroid hormone process

A
  1. hormone enters cell
  2. binds to receptor in nucleus
  3. mRNA + protein synthesis
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3
Q

protein hormones

A
  1. binds w receptor outside cell
  2. transduction pathway
  3. transcription factor in nucleus activated
  4. protein synthesis
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4
Q

hormones diff to neurotransmitters

A
  1. larger spatial + temporal scale
  2. travel through circulatory system (not nervous system)
  3. slower
  4. not all or nothing
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5
Q

neurohormones what are they

A

produced by endocrine that receive input from neurons

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6
Q

hormone feedback control mechanisms

A
  1. other hormones
    2 plasma concentration (ions, nutrients, binding globulin)
  2. neurons + mental activity
  3. environment
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7
Q

hormone effects on body

A
  1. growth
  2. reproductive cycle
  3. metabolism
  4. mood swings
  5. circadian rhythm
  6. hunger cravings
  7. immune system
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8
Q

hpa axis

A
  • hypothalamus released CORTH
  • pituitary gland releases ACTH
  • adrenal cortex releases cortisol
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9
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A
  1. thyrotropin releasing hormone
  2. growth hormone
  3. gonadotropin
  4. corticotropin
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10
Q

basic metabolic rate decrease (loop)

A
  1. hypothalamus releases thyreoliberin
  2. pituitary gland releases thyreotropin
  3. increased thyroid hormone release
  4. BMR increase
    (negative feedback from 2-4)
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10
Q

neurohormone production can be affected by

A
  1. other hormones by endocrine cells
  2. neurotransmitters
  3. pituitary gland hormones
  4. environment
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11
Q

hypothalamus connected to which brain parts

A
  1. cortex
  2. reticular formation
  3. limbic system
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12
Q

trophic hormones

A

target endocrine glands (regulation)
- stimulate cell no.

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13
Q

compensatory hypertrophy

A

when tissue increases in size to fulfill activity of destroyed tissue

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14
Q

hypothalamus main functions

A
  1. hunger
  2. mood
  3. body temp
  4. sex drive
  5. sleep
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15
Q

posterior pituitary

A
  • doesn’t have glands
  • secrete vasopressin + oxytocin
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16
Q

vasopressin (AVP) role

A
  • water levels in kidney
  • sex drives
  • arterial blood pressure
  • pain perception
  • social behaviour
17
Q

what inhibits vasopressin (AVP)

A
  1. alcohol
  2. cortisol
    (peeing more)
18
Q

oxytocin role

A
  1. lactation
  2. parental nurturing
  3. social behaviour
  4. trust, anxiety, addiction
  5. testosterone production
19
Q

low levels of vasopressin (AVP) lead to

A

1- schizophrenia
2 psychosis

20
Q

high levels stress in childhood affect vasopressin (AVP) + oxytocin

A
  • vasopressin; faster ID of threats
  • oxytocin: non-selective closeness w others
21
Q

low levels stress in childhood affect vasopressin + oxytocin

A
  • vasopressin; lower anxiety + E conservation
  • oxytocin; selectiveness of closeness
22
Q

gland atrophy

A

glands waste away

23
Q

anterior pituitary secretes which hormones

A
  1. thyroid
  2. FSH + LH
  3. growth hormone
24
Q

excess growth hormone

A
  1. giganticism
  2. acromegaly
25
Q

chronic stress effect on growth

A
  • impaired bone growth
26
Q

prolactin roles

A
  1. milk production
  2. increased sex hormones
27
Q

hyperprolactinaemia

A

excess prolactin in blood
- decrease in libido
- irregular periods

28
Q

FSH in men

A
  • sertoli cells release androgen binding proteins
  • spermatogen
  • inhibin B secretion
29
Q

FSH in women

A
  • follicular growth
  • selects best follicle for ovulation
  • sex hormone secretion
30
Q

LH in men -

A
  • Leydic cells produce testosterone
31
Q

LH in women

A
  • triggers ovulation
  • on endocrine cells to produce androgens
  • corpeus luteum dev
32
Q

gynecomastia

A

big boobs in men bc imbalance of androgen + estrogen
- psych distress
- in older men, fat + teen boys

33
Q

gynecomastia causes

A
  1. alcohol
  2. drugs
  3. aromatase = hormone that converts testosterone to estrogen
34
Q

what increases altruism?

A

longer vasopressin alleles

35
Q

adrenal gland hormones

A
  1. androgens (test + est)
  2. glucocorticoid
  3. mineralcorticoids
36
Q

androgen examples

A

testosterone
estrogen

37
Q

glucocorticoids example

A

cortisol

38
Q

mineralocorticoids example

A

aldosterone

39
Q

hypercortisolism leads to

A

Cushing’s syndrome from excess cortisol levels

40
Q

addison’s disease

A

primary adrenal insufficiency
-not enough cortisol produced

41
Q

what day time does cortisol + ACTH spike in

A

daytime (sympathetic nervous system)

Biology of psychology (10 decks)

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