Hormones Flashcards
hormone
signaling molecule transported to organs to affect physiology + behaviour
steroid hormone process
- hormone enters cell
- binds to receptor in nucleus
- mRNA + protein synthesis
protein hormones
- binds w receptor outside cell
- transduction pathway
- transcription factor in nucleus activated
- protein synthesis
hormones diff to neurotransmitters
- larger spatial + temporal scale
- travel through circulatory system (not nervous system)
- slower
- not all or nothing
neurohormones what are they
produced by endocrine that receive input from neurons
hormone feedback control mechanisms
- other hormones
2 plasma concentration (ions, nutrients, binding globulin) - neurons + mental activity
- environment
hormone effects on body
- growth
- reproductive cycle
- metabolism
- mood swings
- circadian rhythm
- hunger cravings
- immune system
hpa axis
- hypothalamus released CORTH
- pituitary gland releases ACTH
- adrenal cortex releases cortisol
hypothalamus hormones
- thyrotropin releasing hormone
- growth hormone
- gonadotropin
- corticotropin
basic metabolic rate decrease (loop)
- hypothalamus releases thyreoliberin
- pituitary gland releases thyreotropin
- increased thyroid hormone release
- BMR increase
(negative feedback from 2-4)
neurohormone production can be affected by
- other hormones by endocrine cells
- neurotransmitters
- pituitary gland hormones
- environment
hypothalamus connected to which brain parts
- cortex
- reticular formation
- limbic system
trophic hormones
target endocrine glands (regulation)
- stimulate cell no.
compensatory hypertrophy
when tissue increases in size to fulfill activity of destroyed tissue
hypothalamus main functions
- hunger
- mood
- body temp
- sex drive
- sleep
posterior pituitary
- doesn’t have glands
- secrete vasopressin + oxytocin
vasopressin (AVP) role
- water levels in kidney
- sex drives
- arterial blood pressure
- pain perception
- social behaviour
what inhibits vasopressin (AVP)
- alcohol
- cortisol
(peeing more)
oxytocin role
- lactation
- parental nurturing
- social behaviour
- trust, anxiety, addiction
- testosterone production
low levels of vasopressin (AVP) lead to
1- schizophrenia
2 psychosis
high levels stress in childhood affect vasopressin (AVP) + oxytocin
- vasopressin; faster ID of threats
- oxytocin: non-selective closeness w others
low levels stress in childhood affect vasopressin + oxytocin
- vasopressin; lower anxiety + E conservation
- oxytocin; selectiveness of closeness
gland atrophy
glands waste away
anterior pituitary secretes which hormones
- thyroid
- FSH + LH
- growth hormone
excess growth hormone
- giganticism
- acromegaly
chronic stress effect on growth
- impaired bone growth
prolactin roles
- milk production
- increased sex hormones
hyperprolactinaemia
excess prolactin in blood
- decrease in libido
- irregular periods
FSH in men
- sertoli cells release androgen binding proteins
- spermatogen
- inhibin B secretion
FSH in women
- follicular growth
- selects best follicle for ovulation
- sex hormone secretion
LH in men -
- Leydic cells produce testosterone
LH in women
- triggers ovulation
- on endocrine cells to produce androgens
- corpeus luteum dev
gynecomastia
big boobs in men bc imbalance of androgen + estrogen
- psych distress
- in older men, fat + teen boys
gynecomastia causes
- alcohol
- drugs
- aromatase = hormone that converts testosterone to estrogen
what increases altruism?
longer vasopressin alleles
adrenal gland hormones
- androgens (test + est)
- glucocorticoid
- mineralcorticoids
androgen examples
testosterone
estrogen
glucocorticoids example
cortisol
mineralocorticoids example
aldosterone
hypercortisolism leads to
Cushing’s syndrome from excess cortisol levels
addison’s disease
primary adrenal insufficiency
-not enough cortisol produced
what day time does cortisol + ACTH spike in
daytime (sympathetic nervous system)
