Brain Anatomy Flashcards
brainstem parts
medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons
medulla oblongata function
reflex center; vomiting, yawning, ventilation
midbrain functions
homeostasis, hearing, sight, wakefulness + arousal
pons functions
SLEEP (generating dreams)
eye movement
facial expressions
sensation
respiration
equilibrium
reticular formation functions
nuclei in brainstem, sleep + consciousness + pain modulation + cardiovascular
ascending reticular activating systems
consciousness + behavioral arousal
descending reticular activating systems
locomotion + posture
interbrain (diencephalon) parts
cerebellum, hypothalamus, left + right thalamus
cerebellum functions
- balance
- movement coordination
- muscle memory
thalamus functions
- relays impulses from cerebellum + basal ganglia to motor cortex
- sensory impulses to sensory cortex
- ascending reticular activation system activity
- medior dorsalis sends stuff to prefrontal cortex (behaviour + intellect)
hypothalamus functions
- vegetative regulations
*reproduction, salt-water balance, temperature, sleep - memories
Cerebrum parts
cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres
sulci
folds on cerebral cortex that separate different brain areas
insular cortex location
lateral sulci
insular cortex functions
- socio-emotional processing
- pain processing
- emotional + cognitive processing
- senses; smell (olfactory) + taste (gustatory)
- sensorimotor
functions cerebral hemispheres
- language + memory
- attention
- perception
lateral ventricles
2 cavities in cerebrum that protects brain from trauma, also lets cerebrospinal fluid flow
longitudinal fissure
gap between right and left cerebral hemisphere
corpus callosum
nerve fibres that link right and left cerebral hemispheres
what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum called
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
frontal lobe functions
personality, memory, emotions, planning, skills to do with judgement + problem solving
parietal lobe functions
integrates sensory info to manipulate objects
left parietal lobe functions
spatial language
“The book is above the table”
right parietal lobe functions
spatial functions
“The room is 3x4 m big”
temporal lobe functions
- attention
- timing
- memory
- expressive + receptive speech
occipital lobe function
- sight
extrapyramidal system
motor system network causing involuntary actions
automatic movements (riding bike)
brain parts involved in extrapyramidal system
- nigrostatial pathway
- medulla
- cerebellum
- cerebral cortex
- vestibular nuclei
basal ganglia what do they connect
connect brain stem, interbrain (thalamus) and cerebrum (cerebral cortex)
basal ganglia functions
voluntary movement + learning (procedural, habit, conditioned)
limbic system brain parts
hippocampus + amygdala
hippocampus function
spatial function (remembering spaces)
longterm potentiation
strengthening of synapses due to recent patters of activity
brain parts involved in anterograde amnesia
hippocampus, amygdala, basal forebrain, medial temporal lobe
brain parts involved in retrograde amnesia
diencephalon, prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia
motor strip; location + function
- frontal lobe
- controls muscles
cardiovascular center location
autonomous nervous system
anterior insula functions
olfactory, gustatory, limbic
posterior insula functions
auditory, skeletomotor functions
prenatal testosterone function
increases size of right hemisphere
