Hormones

Question 1

What are hormones? What are they responsible for?

Answer 1

-Chemical messenger created in glands
-Released into blood and carried to a different part of the body to cause an effect
-Responsible for slow/long term response

Question 2

What are endocrine glands? What is an example?

Answer 2

• Ductless
• Secrete hormones into blood stream
  Ex - pancreas

Question 3

What are exocrine glands? What is an example?

Answer 3

-Secrete hormones into ducts that lead outside body
Ex - sweat glands

Question 4

What are the 2 types of hormones?

Answer 4

Protein and steroid

Question 5

What are protein hormones? What is an example?

Answer 5

• Made of amino acid
  -Hydrophilic
  -Soluble in water
  Ex - insulin

Question 6

What are steroid hormones? What is an example?

Answer 6

• made of cholesterol
• Hydrophobic
• Insoluble in water
  Ex - testosterone, estrogen

Question 7

How do protein hormones trigger responses in the cells?

Answer 7

• Cannot pass through the cell membrane - not lipid soluble
  -Must attach to a specific receptor on the cell membrane (shape)
• Changes shape of receptor - which triggers a response in the cell

Question 8

How do steroid hormones trigger responses in the cells?

Answer 8

• pass through the cell membrane and enter cell themselves (lipid soluble)
• go directly to nucleus to trigger a response in the cell

Question 9

What are the features of a hormone?

Answer 9

1. Only cells with specific receptors respond to that hormone
2. Once bound to receptor, proteins are altered to turn processes on or off
3. Present in small concentrations
4. Response of a hormone depends on target organ and species

Question 10

Which hormones are antagonistic hormones? What does that mean?

Answer 10

-Insulin and glucagon
- have opposite responses

Question 11

What is diabetes? How many types are there?

Answer 11

• pancreeas doesn’t make enough insulin or shape problem (mutation)
• 3 types

Question 12

What does the thyroid do? What is its shape and where is it located?

Answer 12

• regulates metabolism
• butterfly shape
• located in the neck

Question 13

What 3 hormones does the thyroid produce?

Answer 13

• thyroxine (main hormone)
• triiodothreonine
• calcitonin

Question 14

What is calcitonin responsible for?

Answer 14

Regulates Ca levels in blood

Question 15

How many parathyroids do we have? How big are they?

Answer 15

• 4
• size of grain of rice

Question 16

What is hyperthyroid? What are symptoms?

Answer 16

• overactive thryoid
• too much thyroxine
• high metabolism
  Symptoms: jittery6, anxious, high heart rate, can’t gain weight, can’t sleep

Question 17

What is hypothyroid? What are symptoms?

Answer 17

• underactive thyroid
• not enough thyroxine
• low metabolism
  Symptoms: lethargic, depressed, can’t lose weight

Question 18

What is a goiter?

Answer 18

• swelling of the thyroid
• lack of iodine

Question 19

What are adrenal glands?

Answer 19

• triangular glands above kidneys
• stress response

Question 20

What does the adrenal medulla release?

Answer 20

• epinephrine (adrenalin)/ norepinephrine (short term)

Question 21

What does the adrenal cortex release?

Answer 21

• mineral corticoids
• glucocorticoids (cortisol)
  long term stress

Question 22

How does epinephrine affect your body?

Answer 22

• all systems on alert
  -heightened senses
• increased breathing/heart rate
• increased metabolism
  -mobilize glucose

Question 23

What do glucocorticoids do?

Answer 23

• mobilize amino acids/glucose

Question 24

What do mineral corticoids do?

Answer 24

• increase blood pressure

Question 25

What is adrenal fatigue?

Answer 25

• adrenal glands work for long periods of time
• get tired and stop
• person becomes sick