Hormones Flashcards
What are hormones? What are they responsible for?
-Chemical messenger created in glands
-Released into blood and carried to a different part of the body to cause an effect
-Responsible for slow/long term response
What are endocrine glands? What is an example?
- Ductless
- Secrete hormones into blood stream
Ex - pancreas
What are exocrine glands? What is an example?
-Secrete hormones into ducts that lead outside body
Ex - sweat glands
What are the 2 types of hormones?
Protein and steroid
What are protein hormones? What is an example?
- Made of amino acid
-Hydrophilic
-Soluble in water
Ex - insulin
What are steroid hormones? What is an example?
- made of cholesterol
- Hydrophobic
- Insoluble in water
Ex - testosterone, estrogen
How do protein hormones trigger responses in the cells?
- Cannot pass through the cell membrane - not lipid soluble
-Must attach to a specific receptor on the cell membrane (shape) - Changes shape of receptor - which triggers a response in the cell
How do steroid hormones trigger responses in the cells?
- pass through the cell membrane and enter cell themselves (lipid soluble)
- go directly to nucleus to trigger a response in the cell
What are the features of a hormone?
- Only cells with specific receptors respond to that hormone
- Once bound to receptor, proteins are altered to turn processes on or off
- Present in small concentrations
- Response of a hormone depends on target organ and species
Which hormones are antagonistic hormones? What does that mean?
-Insulin and glucagon
- have opposite responses
What is diabetes? How many types are there?
- pancreeas doesn’t make enough insulin or shape problem (mutation)
- 3 types
What does the thyroid do? What is its shape and where is it located?
- regulates metabolism
- butterfly shape
- located in the neck
What 3 hormones does the thyroid produce?
- thyroxine (main hormone)
- triiodothreonine
- calcitonin
What is calcitonin responsible for?
Regulates Ca levels in blood
How many parathyroids do we have? How big are they?
- 4
- size of grain of rice
What is hyperthyroid? What are symptoms?
- overactive thryoid
- too much thyroxine
- high metabolism
Symptoms: jittery6, anxious, high heart rate, can’t gain weight, can’t sleep
What is hypothyroid? What are symptoms?
- underactive thyroid
- not enough thyroxine
- low metabolism
Symptoms: lethargic, depressed, can’t lose weight
What is a goiter?
- swelling of the thyroid
- lack of iodine
What are adrenal glands?
- triangular glands above kidneys
- stress response
What does the adrenal medulla release?
- epinephrine (adrenalin)/ norepinephrine (short term)
What does the adrenal cortex release?
- mineral corticoids
- glucocorticoids (cortisol)
long term stress
How does epinephrine affect your body?
- all systems on alert
-heightened senses - increased breathing/heart rate
- increased metabolism
-mobilize glucose
What do glucocorticoids do?
- mobilize amino acids/glucose
What do mineral corticoids do?
- increase blood pressure
What is adrenal fatigue?
- adrenal glands work for long periods of time
- get tired and stop
- person becomes sick
