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F3 SE: Biology > Hormones > Flashcards

Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

What hormones are produced in the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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2
Q

What is the master gland?

A

The pituitary gland

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3
Q

What types of chemical contraceptive methods are there?

A

Contraceptive Pills
Contraceptive Implant
IUD

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4
Q

Where is the hormone insulin produced?

A

The pancreas

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5
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

The brain

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6
Q

What hormone is produced in the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroxine

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7
Q

How do you treat type 1 diabetes?

A

Monitor blood glucose levels and inject insulin if they get too high

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8
Q

What happens after the hormone glucagon has been released?

A

The blood glucose level increases

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9
Q

What is the endocrine system composed of?

A

Glands which secrete hormones into the blood

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10
Q

Which hormone does Oestrogen stimulate the release of?

A

LH

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11
Q

Where is the hormone testosterone produced?

A

The testes

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12
Q

What hormone is produced in the testes?

A

Testosterone

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13
Q

What does the hormone glucagon do?

A

It stimulates liver cells to breakdown glycogen into glucose and to release it into the bloodstream. It is also helped by adrenalin to speed up the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

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14
Q

What happens during puberty for men?

A

Testosterone starts to be produced in the testes. This stimulates sperm production. It also causes physical changes to occur

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15
Q

What, other than producing FSH and LH, does the master gland do?

A

It secretes hormones to stimulate other hormones to be released from other glands.

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16
Q

What is the fourth and final stage of the menstrual cycle and when does it occur?

A

The uterus lining continues to build up and is maintained from days 14-28

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17
Q

What does thyroxine do to the body?

A

It stimulates basal metabolic rate for growth and development

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18
Q

Where is the hormone oestrogen produced?

A

The ovaries

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19
Q

What happens when blood glucose level rises?

A

The pancreas releases the hormone insulin.

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20
Q

How effective are surgical methods of contraception?

A

Highly effective, but permanent

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21
Q

What types of surgical methods of contraception are there?

A

Vasectomy
Female Sterilisation

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22
Q

What is female sterlisation?

A

Where the oviduct is cut and tied

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23
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

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24
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located in the body?

A

The neck

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25
Q

Where is the hormone LH produced?

A

The pituitary gland

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26
Q

What happens after the hormone insulin has been released?

A

Blood glucose level decreases

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27
Q

Where is the testes located?

A

Near the penis

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28
Q

What is the third stage of the menstrual cycle and when does it occur?

A

Ovulation (the egg is released) occurs on day 14

29
Q

What does the chemical contraceptive method of IUD do to stop conception?

A

Prevents implantation of embryo or releases hormones to disable sperm cells

30
Q

What problems do those with type 1 diabetes have?

A

Their pancreas is unable to produce insulin

31
Q

How effective is abstaining from sexual intercouse in stopping contraception?

A

Not very because fertility cannot be accurately predicted

32
Q

What is the second stage of the menstrual cycle and when does it occur?

A

The uterus lining starts to thicken from day 7

33
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

On either side of the uterus

34
Q

What is the natural method of contraception?

A

Abstaining from sexual intercourse when an egg may be in the oviduct

35
Q

Which hormones does Progesterone inhibit the release of?

A

FSH and LH

36
Q

How do barrier methods work for stopping conception?

A

They physically prevent the sperm from reaching the egg

37
Q

What is the only type of barrier contraceptive method which prevents the spread of sexually transmitted infections?

A

Condoms

38
Q

What is the role of the hormone LH?

A

To stimulate the release of an egg (ovulation) on day 14 of the menstrual cycle

39
Q

Where is the hormone adrenaline produced?

A

The adrenal glands

40
Q

What types of barrier methods are there for stopping conception?

A

Condoms
Sponge
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap

41
Q

What happens when the levels of Progesterone fall?

A

The uterus lining breaks down and menstruation occurs

42
Q

What is vasectomy?

A

Where the sperm duct is cut and tied

43
Q

Where is the hormone glucagon produced?

A

The pancreas

44
Q

What does adrenaline do to the body?

A

Increases heart rate and boosts delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles

45
Q

What hormone is produced in the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenaline

46
Q

What happens when blood glucose level falls?

A

The pancreas releases the hormone glucagon

47
Q

Where are the adrenal glands produced?

A

Behind the kidneys

48
Q

What hormones are produced in the pituitary gland?

A

FSH & LH

49
Q

Do hormones have a slower or faster effect than nerve impulses?

A

Slower effect

50
Q

What is the role of the hormone FSH?

A

It causes a single egg to mature in one of the ovaries inside a follicle

51
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

In the body below the heart and stomach but above the kidneys

52
Q

What is the point of contraceptive methods?

A

To prevent fertilisation and pregnancy

53
Q

What problems do those with type 2 diabetes have?

A

Body cells become resistant to insulin and insufficient insulin is produced by the pancreas

54
Q

Where is the hormone FSH produced?

A

The pituitary gland

55
Q

What is the role of the hormone Oestrogen?

A

To cause the lining of the uterus to grow

56
Q

What does the chemical contraceptive method of contraceptive implants do to stop conception?

A

They release progesterone to avoid maturation and release of eggs

57
Q

What are the 4 types of contraceptive methods?

A

Chemical
Natural
Barrier
Surgical

58
Q

What does the chemical contraceptive method of contraceptive pills do to stop conception?

A

It contains hormones to inhibit FSH production so no eggs mature

59
Q

What does the hormone insulin do?

A

It stimulates the liver and muscle cells to take up excess glucose from the blood and turn soluble glucose into insoluble glycogen.

60
Q

How do hormones move?

A

The blood carries them to an effector to produce a response

61
Q

What hormone is produced in the ovaries?

A

Oestrogen

62
Q

How do you treat type 2 diabetes?

A

You need to maintain a low carbohydrate diet and have regular exercise

63
Q

Where is the hormone thyroxine produced?

A

The thyroid gland

64
Q

What happens during puberty for women?

A

Oestrogen is produced in the ovaries. This affects the menstrual cycle and physical changes also start to occur.

65
Q

What is the role of the hormone Progesterone?

A

To maintain the lining of the uterus

66
Q

Which hormone does Oestrogen inhibit the release of?

A

FSH

67
Q

Do hormones act for more or less time than nerve impulses?

A

They act for more time

68
Q

What is the first stage of the menstrual cycle and when does it occur?

A

Menstruation occurs on day 0

F3 SE: Biology (6 decks)

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