Hormones Flashcards
Abbreviations: CRH DHEA DIT DOC HCG HPL IGF
Corticotropin-releasing hormone Dehydroepiandrosterone Diiodotyrosine 11-Deoxycorticosterone Human chorionic gonadotropin Human placental lactogen insulin like growth factor
Abbreviations: T3 T4 TBG TRH TSH
Triiodothyronine Thyroxine Thyroxin binding globulin Thyrotropin releasing hormone Thyroid stimulating factor
Abbreviations: MIT MSH PIF POMC PTU SRIF
Monoiodotyrosine Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Prolactin inhibiting factor (Dopamine) Pro-opiomelanocotrin Propylthiouracil Somatotropin releasing-inhibiting factor
Peptide hormones released by the Hypothalamus?
TRH CRH GnRH SRIF PIF GHRH
Peptide hormones released by the Anterior Pituitary Gland?
TSH FSH LH GH Prolactin ACTH MSH
Peptide hormones released by the Posterior Pituitary gland?
Oxytocin
ADH
What are all the STEROID Hormones?
Cortisol Aldosterone DHEA Testosterone Estradiol Progesterone Estriol 1,25- Hihydroxycholecalciferol
Hormones released by the Thyroid?
Calcitonin (amine)
T3 (peptide)
T4 (peptide)
Hormones released by Adrenal Cortex + Medulla?
Cortex: Steroids Medulla:
Cortisol NE + Epi (amines)
Aldosterone
DHEA
Steroid hormones produced by Ovaries?
Estradiol
Progesterone
What does the Corpus luteum produce?
Estradiol + Progesterone
Hormones produced by Placenta?
HCG (peptide)
HPL (peptide)
Estriol (steroid)
Progesterone
Peptide hormones produced by Pancreas?
Insulin (BETA cells)
Glucagon (ALPHA cells)
What is the function of Somatostatin or SRIF?
inhibit secretion of GH
What ist the function of GnRH?
Stimulate secretion of LH + FSH
What is the hormonal function of Dopamine (PIF)?
Inhibit prolactin secretion
What is the function of CRH?
Stimulates ACTH secretion
Function of FSH?
Stimulate Sperm maturation in Sertoli cells of testes
Stimulate Follicular development and estrogen synthesis in ovaries
Function of LH?
Stimulate Testosterone synthesis in LYNDIG cells
Stimulate Ovulation, Corpus luteum formation, estrogen and Progesterone synthesis in Ovaries
Function of ACTH?
Stimulates synthesis and secretion of Adrenal cortical hormones (Cortisol, androgens)
Function of Oxytocin?
Stimulates milk ejection from breasts and uterine contractions
Function of L-Thyroxine (T4)?
Stimulate skeletal growth oxygen consumption Heat production Protein + fat + carb utilization Perinatal maturation of CNS
Function of Calcitonin?
Decrease Ca++ in serum
Function of PTH?
Increase Serum Ca++
Function of Cortisol?
Stimulate Gluconeogenesis
Inhibits inflammatory response
Suppresses immune system
Enhances vascular response to Catecholamines
Function of DHEA/ Testosterone?
Stimulate Spermatogenesis
Stimulate male 2nd sex characteristics
Function of Estradiol/ Estriol?
Stimulate growth/ development of female reproductive system
Stimulate Follicular phase of menstrual cycle
Development of Breasts
Prolactin secretion
Maintains Pregnancy
HCG function?
Stimulates Estrogen and progesterone synthesis in Corpus luteum of early Pregnancy
Function of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol?
Increase intestinal Absorption of Ca++
Bone mineralization
Which hormones use Adenylyl cyclase mechanism of action (cAMP)?
ACTH LH FSH TSH ADH HCG MSH CRH Calcitronin PTH Glucagon Beta1 + beta 2 receptors
Which hormones use Phospholipase C mechanism of action (IP3 + Ca++)?
GnRH TRH GHRH Angiotensin II ADH (V1 receptor) Oxytocin alpha receptors
Steroid hormones?
Glucocorticoids Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone Aldosterone 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Thyroid hormones
Hormones with Tyrosine Kinase mechanism of action?
Insulin
IGF-1
Hormones with Guanylate cyclase mechanism of action (cGMP)?
ANP
EDRF (endothelial derived relaxing factor)
NO
What effect does Prolactin have on Hypothalamus?
Stimulates dopamine
Inhibits GnRH
Which hormones act via cAMP?
ACTH LH/ FSH TSH ADH (v2) HCG MSH CRH Calcitonin PTH Glucagon Beta 1+2 receptors
What hormones act via IP3/ Ca++?
GnRH TRH GHRH Angiotensin II ADH (v1) Oxytocin alpha 1 receptor
Which hormones act via Tyrosine kinase?
Insulin
IGF-1
Which hormones act via cGMP?
ANP
EDRF
NO
What are the factors that stimulate Insulin secretion?
Increased Glucose Increased AA Increased FA or Ketoacid Glucagon Cortisol GIP Potassium Acetylcholine (Vagal stimulation) Sulfonylureas (Tolbutamide or glyburide) Obesity
Factors that inhibit Insulin secretion?
Decreased Glucose Fasting Exercise Somatostatin alpha agonists Diazoxide
What are the actions of Insulin?
Increase Glucose uptake Increase glycogen formation Decrease Glycogenolysis Decrease Gluconeogenesis Increase protein synthesis Increase Fat deposition Decrease lipolysis Increase K+ uptake
Factors that stimulate Glucagon secretion?
Fasting/ Exercise Decreased Glucose Increased AA CCK Beta agonists Acetylcholine
Factors that inhibit Glucagon secretion?
Insulin
Somatostatin
Increased FA or Ketoacids
What are the actions of Glucagon?
Increase Glycogenolysis
Increase Gluconeogenesis
Increase Lipolysis
Increase Ketoacid formation
Which hormone secretion is increased by emotional input and sensory input from mother holding her child or anticipation of breast feeding?
Oxytocin
**Prolactin only secreted with SUCKLING not emotional triggers
Insulin induced hypoglycemia will INCREASE the secretion of what hormones?
GH ACTH Cortisol PRL Glucagon Catecholamines ADH
Arginine infusion will increase secretion of?
GH
Sleep study will show increase release of what hormones?
GH
PRL
ACTH
Cortisol
L-dopa will increase the release of?
GH
Increased plasma cortisol and adrenal androgens, increased skin pigmentation caused by?
Excess ACTH–> causes Adrenal Hyperplasia
Increased Salt retention (HTN), insulin resistance, increased fat deposits, decreased skin collagen, proximal myopathy caused by?
Excess CORTISOL–> Cushing syndrome
Clinical manifestations of excess cortisol are?
HTN Hyperglycemia (DB Mellitus) Central obesity (buffalo hump) Easily bruised (PURPLE STRAIE) Proximal weakness
Hair growth, decreased LH/FSH, increased sebum, and decreased Libido is caused by?
Excess Adrenal Androgen
What are the actions of Glucocorticoids?
Increases Gluconeogenesis Increase Proteolysis Increases Lipolysis Decrease Glucose Utilization== Increase Insulin Decrease Insulin sensitivity Inhibit Inflammatory response Increase alpha receptors on Vasculature Inhibit Bone Formation Increase GFR Decrease REM sleep
Actions of Mineralocorticoids?
Increase Na reabsorption
Increases K secretion
Increase H secretion
Actions of Adrenal androgens in Females?
Stimulate pubic/ axillary hair growth
Stimulate Libido
males–> same as testosterone
What are the actions of Progesterone?
Maintenance of Uterus
Development of breasts
inhibit FSH + LH secreted
Maintain pregnancy
