Hormones

Question 1

7 things to know about every hormone

Answer 1

1. Name and where it comes from
2. Main stimulus
3. Main inhibitor
4. Where does it go?
5. What is main action?
6. What is second messenger?
7. Miscellaneous syndromes

Question 2

Erythropoietin

Answer 2

1. Made by renal parenchymal cell
2. Stimulus = hypoxia
3. Inhibitor = increased oxygen
4. Where it goes = bone marrow
5. What it does = stimulate erythropoiesis
6. Second messenger = tyrosine kinase

Question 3

Aldosterone

Answer 3

1. Made in zona glomerulosa
2. Stimulus order = hyperkalemia, hypovolemia, hyponatremia
3. Inhibitor = hypervolemia
4. Where it goes = Late DCT, early collecting duct and ascending colon
5. What it does = stimulate synthesis of Na-K pumps and increases their activity
   * bring in sodium
   * kick out K and H
6. Second messenger = none
7. Miscellaneous syndrome =
   * Conn syndrome - too much aldosterone
   * Adrenal insufficiency - too little aldosterone

Question 4

Cortisol

Answer 4

1. Made in zona fasciculata
2. Stimulus order = stress and hypoglycemia
3. Inhibitor = hyperglycemia
4. Where it goes = everywhere
5. What it does = upregulates all receptors during stress
6. Second messenger = none
7. Miscellaneous syndrome =
   * Adrenal insufficiency - too little cortisol
   * Cushing’s syndrome - too much cortisol

Question 5

Testosterone

Answer 5

1. Made in zona reticularis