Hormonal coordination in human

Question 1

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 1

glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 2

What are hormones?

Answer 2

chemical messengers that are carried in the blood to target organ where they produce an effect

Question 3

What do hormones control?

Answer 3

things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment

Question 4

What are hormones secreted by?

Answer 4

endocrine glands

Question 5

Whats the difference between the duration and speed of the endocrine system and the nervous system>

Answer 5

the endocrine system is slower and the effects lasts for longer

Question 6

what is the pituitary gland and what does it do?

Answer 6

master gland - it secretes several hormones in response to body conditions

Question 7

What is blood glucose concentration monitored and controlled by?

what does this thing release?

Answer 7

the pancreas, it releases insuln and glucagon

Question 8

How does the body process glucose?

Answer 8

1) Glucose comes into the blood from the gut
2) the normal metabolism of cells removes glucose from the blood
3) Vigorous exercises removes much more glucose from the blood
4) excess glucose can be stored as glycogen in the liver and in the muscles
5) the levels of glucose must be kept steady

Question 9

What happens when the levels of glucose rise?

Answer 9

1) Pancrease releases more insulin
2) causes glucose to move from the blood to cells
3) in liver and muscle cells, excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage

Question 10

What happens when the levels of glucose decrease?

Answer 10

1) Pancrease releases glucagon

2) Glucagon stimulates glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 11

What is Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 11

a disorder that:

• is caused by the pancreas failing to produce sufficient insulin
• results in uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
• normally treated with insulin injections ( this makes sure the glucose is removed from the blood quickly once the food has been digested)
• this is genetic

Question 12

What is Type 2 diabetes?

• what is it caused by, risk factor, how is it controlled

Answer 12

a disorder that:

• is caused by the body cells no longer responding to insulin
• obesity is a risk
• controlled with a carbohydrate-controlled diet and regular exercise

Question 13

When and where is adrenaline produced?

Answer 13

produced by the adrenal glands (just above the kidneys)

released in response to a stressful or scary situation

Question 14

How is adrenaline produced and what does it do to the body?

Answer 14

the brain detects fear or stress and sends nervous impulses to the adrenal glands, which responds by secreting adrenaline

It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for ‘flight or fight’.

Question 15

Where is thyroxine produced and why is it important?

Answer 15

released by the thyroid gland (in the neck)

stimulates the basal metabolic rate, important for growth and development

Question 16

How is thyroxine produced and how is it controlled?

Answer 16

Thyroxine is released in response to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is released from the pituitary gland

when an increase in thyroxine is detected, the release of TSH is inhibited till it gets back to normal

Question 17

Give three ways in which excess water is removed from the body.

Answer 17

Excess water is removed from the body:

Via the lungs during exhalation

From the skin as sweat

By the kidneys in urine

Question 18

Give 2 ways in which excess ions and urea are removed from the body.

Answer 18

Excess ions and urea are removed from the body…

from the skin as sweat
from the kidneys in the urine

Question 19

What happens to the body cells if the concentration of the blood changes?

Answer 19

they will lose or gin too much water by osmosis