1. Cell Structure Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
- It has a nucleus.
- They usually have mitochondria.
- In plants cells only they have chloroplasts.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
- bacterial cell
- no nucleus
- genetic material is a single loop of DNA
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
(4)
- much smaller in size
- the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus
- the genetic material is a single DNA loop and there may be plasmids
- they do not contain mitochondria or chloroplasts.
What is a nucleus?
Controls all activities of the cell.
What is cytoplasm?
A liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place.
What is cell membrane?
Controls what passes in and out of the cell.
What are mitochondria?
where aerobic respiration takes place
What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs and synthesis for all other proteins in the cell.
What is a cell wall?
Made of cellulose it strengthens the cells and gives it support.
What are chloroplasts?
They absorb energy from the sun to make food by photosynthesis.
What is a permanent vacuole?
A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap that keeps the cells rigid to support the plant.
What is cell differentiation ?
the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
What are specialised cells?
Cells specialised to carry out a particular function.
What are adaptations of root hair cells?
- long hair that sticks out into the soil which gives the plant a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption.
- They also contain lots of mitochondria, which release energy from glucose during respiration in order to provide the energy needed for active transport
What is the function of a root hair cell?
Enables plants to take in water and mineral salts.
What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?
- It has a middle section full of mitochondria to release energy.
- long tail and streamlined head to help it swim to the egg
- The acrosome in the head contains digestive enzymes so that the sperm can penetrate an egg.
