Bioenergetics Flashcards
Why does lactic acid build up in the muscles and what is the effect on the muscles?
due to the incomplete oxidation of glucose which causes the build-up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt
lactic acid causes muscles to hurt and stops them from contracting efficiently
Why does anaerobic respiration sometimes happen in the muscle cells?
during vigorous activity, the muscles may not get supplied with enough oxygen
What products can glucose be changed to?
photosynthesis
- insoluble starch, which is stored in the stem, leaves or roots
- fat or oil, which is also stored (e.g seeds)
- cellulose, to strengthen cell walls
- proteins, which are used for growth and for enzymes
What new molecules are made in metabolism?
- conservation of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
- the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids
- the use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
- breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast?
glucose = ethanol + carbon dioxide
What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in the muscles
glucose = latic acid
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
`glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
Why does the rate of respiration need to be increased during exercise?
because the body demands more energy
What is the energy transferred by respiration in cells used for?
the continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism that synthesise new molecules
What is respiration?
the process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
this continuously occurs in living cells
What is oxygen debt?
the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from cells
what is Metabolism?
the sum of all the reactions in a cell or body
these reactions are controlled by enzymes and may need a transfer of energy
What happens to lactic acid after exercise?
blood flowing through the muscles transport the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
what do organisms need energy for?
- chemical reactions to build larger molecules
- movement
- keeping warm
is aerobic or anaerobic respiration more efficient and why?
Aerobic respiration
because glucose is completely broken down and fully oxidised therefore it produces more energy
