Hormonal Coordination Flashcards
Maintaining stable internal conditions is called?
Homeostasis
Give three internal conditions controlled in Homeostasis
Body temperature, blood glucose concentration, water levels
What is a hormone?
A chemical signal
Where are hormones produced?
Glands
Which gland is known as the ‘master gland’?
Pituitary gland
What is negative feedback?
When a change in the body is counter acted to restore normal levels
Name the hormone that controls blood sugar
Insulin
What is the condition where someone cannot control their blood sugar?
Diabetes
How do you treat type 1 diabetes?
Insulin injections
How do you treat type 2 diabetes?
Diet, exercise and liferstyle
Which type of diabetes is caused by not being able to produce insulin?
Type 1
Obesity is a risk factor in developing which type of diabetes?
Type 2
What is glucose stored as?
Glycogen
Where is glycogen stored?
Liver and muscles
Name the hormone that releases glucose from glycogen
Glucagon
What is the female reproductive hormone?
Oestrogen
What is the release of an egg called?
Ovulation
What is the main male reproductive hormone?
Testosterone
Which hormone matures the egg in the ovary?
FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone)
Which hormone releases the egg?
LH (luteinising hormone)
Which hormones thicken the lining of the uterus?
Oestrogen and progesterone
Name one method of hormonal conception
Oral contraceptives, injection, implant or skin patches, coil
Name one method of non-hormonal contraception
Condoms, diaphragm, abstaining, sterilisation, spermicide
State a disadvantage of IVF treatment
Emotionally and physically stressful, low success rate, can lead to multiply births
Which hormones are used in fertility treatments?
FSH and LH
What is the function of adrenaline?
Increase heart or breathing rate, fight or flight
What is the function of thyroxine?
Stimulates metabolic rate
Where are excess amino acids broken down?
In the liver
What is the breakdown of excess amino acids called?
Deamination
State two processes used in the production of urine
Ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption
Why is ammonia converted to urea?
To make it less toxic
What hormone controls the water levels in the body?
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)
How would your body respond to low water levels?
Release more ADH to reabsorb more water in the kidney tubules producing less urine
How would your body respond to high water levels?
Release less ADH so more water is lost in urine
Which gland produces ADH?
Pituitary gland
Name one substance that is reabsorbed by the body
All glucose, some water, some minerals
How is kidney failure treated?
Kidney dialysis or kidney transplant
What are plant responses called?
Tropisms
Name the main type of plant hormones
Auxins
What is a plant response to light called?
Phototropism
What is a plant response to gravity called?
Geotropism
What are gibberellins used for in agriculture?
Starting germination, promoting flowering, ending seed dormancy
What is ethane used for in agriculture?
Controlling fruit ripening
How are auxins used in agriculture?
Weed killers, rooting powders, promoting growth in tissue culture
What effect does auxin have on plant shoot cells?
Causes cell elongation
What effect does auxin have on plant root cells?
Inhibits cell elongation
