B1 Cell Biology [Paper1] Flashcards
What are the two types of eukaryotic cell?
Animal and plant
What type of cell are bacteria?
Prokaryotic
Where is DNA found in animal and plant cells?
In the nucleus
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls movement of substances in an out of the cell
What is the function on mitochondria?
Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts?
Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
What is the function of ribosomes?
Enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)
What is the function of the cell wall?
Strengthens and supports the cell
What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell?
Single loops of DNA
How are electrons microscopes different to light microscopes?
Electron microscopes use beams of electrons instead of light, cannot be used to view living samples, are much more expensive, and have a much higher magnification and resolution
What is the function of a red blood cell?
Carries oxygen around the colour
Give three adaptations of a red blood cell
No nucleus, contains a red pigment called haemoglobin, and has a bi-concave disk shape
What is the function of a nerve cell?
Carries electrical impulses around the body
Give two adaptations of a nerve cell
Branched endings, myelin sheath insulates the axon
What is the function of a sperm cell?
Fertilises an ovum (egg)
Give two adaptations of a sperm cell
Long tail, streamlined head, lots of mitochondria, enzymes in head
What is the function of a palisade cell?
Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
Give two adaptations of a palisade cell
Lots of chloroplasts, located at the top surface of the leaf
What is the function of a root hair cell?
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
Give two adaptations of a root hair cell
Long offshoot roots, lots of mitochondria
