Hormonal communication -

Question 1

Endocrine glands -

Answer 1

Is a group of cells which are specialised to secrete chemicals, known as hormones and secreted directly into the bloodstream.

Question 2

Steroid hormones are lipid soluble -

Answer 2

Pass through the lipid component of the cell membrane. Form a hormone-receptor complex. These receptors may be present in the cytoplasm or nucleus. This acts as a transcription factor which in turn stimulates or inhibits a specific gene coding.

Question 3

Non-steroid hormones -

Answer 3

They are hydrophilic and are loved by the receptors on the plasma membrane and cannot pass through.

Question 4

Adrenal cortex -

Answer 4

Outer region of the adrenal glands and produce stuff like cortisol and aldosterone.

Question 5

Adrenal medulla -

Answer 5

Inner region of the gland. Non essential hormones like adrenaline.

Question 6

Cortex main functioning of producing vital hormones -

Answer 6

Glucordisoids which regulate cortisol and helps in the conversion of body fats, proteins and carbohydrates.
Androgens - small amounts of sex hormones are released

Question 7

Adrenal medulla non-essential hormone production -

Answer 7

Mainly involved in the sympathetic nervous system.
Adrenaline - Increases the heart rate sending blood quickly to the muscles and brain. Noradrenaline works with adrenaline in response to stress.

Question 8

Function of the pancreas has an endocrine gland and exocrine glands -

Answer 8

Release hormones and enzymes.

Question 9

Role of the pancreas as an exocrine gland -

Answer 9

Made up mostly of exocrine glandular tissue, this tissue is responsible for producing digestive enzymes, these are released into the ducts from then on they are released into the top part of the small intestine. It produces 3 important enzymes. Protease, carbohydrase and lipase.

Question 10

The pancreas role as an endocrine gland -

Answer 10

Responsible for releasing glucagon and insulin which play a role in blood glucose concentration. Within the exocrine tissue there are small regions of endocrine tissue called islets of Langerhans, they are responsible for producing these hormones into the bloodstream.

Question 11

Many histology differences between the exocrine and endocrine glands -

Answer 11

IOL - Lightly stained, larger, spherical, endocrine tissue, to produce and secrete hormones.

Pancreatic acini - opposite

Question 12

Alpha cells of islets of Langerhans secrete -

Answer 12

Glucagon whereas beta produce insulin.