horizontal gene transfer - transduction

Question 1

During natural transformation, competent bacteria acquire:
A Bacterial DNA from bacteriophages
B exogenous ssDNA
C exogenous ss or dsDNA
D phage DNA from bacteriophages
E ssDNA from another bacteria via a sex pilus

Answer 1

B - exogenous ss DNA only from the environment!

> transformation is the deliberate uptake of ss DNA from the environment but only 1-2% bacteria can do this (they are aptly named competent bacteria)
you can artificially make bacteria competent in vitro

so the d.s DNA is converted into s.s. DNA using a bunch of nucleases

Question 2

how does transposition affect a gene?

Answer 2

if inserted into the coding region of a gene = LOF, disrupt it, mutate it

if insertred in prometer region / regulatory element region then can activate or repress gene expression

Question 3

how do lytic and lysogenic transduction compare?

Answer 3

VIRAL LIFE CYCLE
lysic - quick
lysogenic - becomes latent and combines with the host DNA // it is a provirus/prophage