Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) into eukaryotes

Question 1

4 methods of gene transfer

Answer 1

conjugation (pillus), transformation (free DNA), transduction (phage), vesiduction (EV)

Question 2

barriers to HGT in eukaryotes

Answer 2

nucleus
incompatibility in splicing systems
weismann barrier- HGTs normally occur in somatic cells, but then they don’t get tranaferred vertically

Question 3

how can we determine HGT

Answer 3

looking for transfers within phylogeny, but need to exclude gene duplication/differential gene loss (likelihood analyses etc)

Question 4

HGTs in S. cerevisciae

Answer 4

22 HGTs, in distant groups

Question 5

HGT in oomycetes

Answer 5

1% of genome, 10%ish of the secretome- important in ‘plant attack’ genes

Question 6

HGT and endosymbiosis

Answer 6

mixed genes in the bacteria that endosymbiosed- therefore see something that looks like mixed origin. eukaryotic genomes therefore look like they have more mixed ancestry than actually emerged due to HGT