Horizontal Gene Transfer Flashcards
Horizontal Gene Transfer can occur _
In prokaryotes, eukaryotes and between the DNA containing organelles of eukaroytes
HGT is made possible by mobile genetic elements such as _
Bacteriophages, plasmids and transposons
Which three processes allow HGT to take place?
Conjugation, transformation and transduction
New genetic information can be incorporated via _
Insertion or recombination
What happens to prokaryotic cells during transformation?
They take up free fragments of DNA in the environment, such as plasmids, and incorporate them in to the genome
In recombination, segments of foreign and native DNA are regrouped when the segments are _
Homologous
Insertion of DNA occurs when _
New foreign DNA shares no homology with existing native DNA
Why is HGT more complex in eukaryotic cells?
The DNA must pass both the outer cell membrane and the nuclear membrane in order to reach the genome
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes can exchange DNA. Give a speculated mechanisms by which this may occur
During endocytosis, it is thought that DNA may escape from the prokaryote and become incorporated in to the genome of the euakryote
During endocytosis between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell _
The prokaryotic cell is degraded after being engulfed and packaged in to a membrane bound vesicle by the eukaroyote
