Evolution of Bacteria

Question 1

Which type of bacteria stores energy from sunlight in the form of ATP?

Answer 1

Phototroph

Question 2

Which type of bacteria gets energy from inorganic salts?

Answer 2

Chemolithotroph

Question 3

Which type of bacteria gets energy from organic compounds like sugar, fats, proteins etc?

Answer 3

Chemoheterotroph

Question 4

Which type of bacteria uses carbon dioxide as a source of carbon?

Answer 4

Autotroph

Question 5

Which type of bacteria uses organic compounds as a source of carbon?

Answer 5

Heterotroph

Question 6

Why do most bacteria not use carbohydrates as a source of energy/carbon?

Answer 6

They lack to required enzymes

Question 7

Why might bacterial growth be limited by low levels of phosphate?

Answer 7

They lack the ability to synthesize it themselves

Question 8

How do bacteria use sulfate/sulfide?

Answer 8

They convert it in to organic form for use in protein synthesis

Question 9

Give 3 nitrogen containing substances which some bacteria can extract cellular materials from

Answer 9

Nitrates in soil
Dinitrogen gas
Ammonia

Question 10

Why is the binding of iron particularly important for pathogenic bacteria?

Answer 10

They must compete with the host for iron

Question 11

Bacteria secrete chemicals called _ , which tightly bind iron

Answer 11

Siderophores

Question 12

The final acceptor in the electron transport chain for obligate aerobes is _

Answer 12

Oxygen

Question 13

Which bacteria require oxygen in order to grow?

Answer 13

Obligate aerobes

Question 14

Which bacteria have means of generating energy that are not coupled to oxygen consumption?

Answer 14

Obligate anerobes

Question 15

What type of bacteria grows in the presence of low levels of oxygen?

Answer 15

Aerotolerant/microaerophilic

Question 16

Which bacteria change metabolic processes depending on the presence/absence of oxygen?

Answer 16

Facultative anaerobes

Question 17

Oxygen is very reactive and produces several toxic by-products. Name 3

Answer 17

Superoxide O2-

Hydrogen peroxide H2O2

Hydroxyl radical OH-

Question 18

Which enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide?

Answer 18

Catalase

Question 19

Which enzyme breaks down superoxide?

Answer 19

Superoxide dismutase

Question 20

Why is oxygen poisonous to obligate anaerobes?

Answer 20

They do not produce the required amount of enzymes to detoxify the by-products of oxygen

Question 21

What type of bacteria grows below 15 degrees celcius?

Answer 21

Psychrophilic

Question 22

What type of bacteria has optimum growth between 20 and 45 degrees celcius?

Answer 22

Mesophilic

Question 23

What type of bacteria grows in temperatures above 60 degrees celcius?

Answer 23

Thermophilic

Question 24

What is the pH range that most bacteria grow within?

Answer 24

5 to 8

Question 25

What type of bacteria can grow in pH of 10 to 11?

Answer 25

Alkalophilic

Question 26

What type of bacteria prefers salty environments?

Answer 26

Halophiles

Question 27

Extreme halophiles show optimum growth in conditions of _

Answer 27

20 to 30 percent salt

Question 28

Moderate halophiles show optimum growth in conditions of _

Answer 28

5 to 20 percent salt

Question 29

Which energy generating process takes place in the absence of an external electron acceptor?

Answer 29

Fermentation

Question 30

The energy output of fermentation is _

Answer 30

Relatively low compared to respiration

Question 31

The characteristic end products of different fermentation pathways _

Answer 31

Can aid in the identification of bacteria

Question 32

Give 4 examples of inorganic compounds which can function as final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration

Answer 32

Nitrate NO3-
Nitrite NO3-
Sulfate
Carbon Dioxide