Honors physics

Question 1

A

Answer 1

Mass number

Question 2

Z

Answer 2

Atomic number

Question 3

N

Answer 3

Number of neutrons

Question 4

Isotopes

Answer 4

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 5

What is the density of a nuclear

Answer 5

2.3 x 10^17 kg/m^3

Question 6

What is rest energy

Answer 6

The amount of energy a particle has due to its mass at rest

Question 7

Coulomb force

Answer 7

• Repulsive because of electric charge
• acts over longer range

Question 8

Strong force

Answer 8

• Acts in a very short range
• holds the atomic nucleus together

Question 9

Neutrons role in the nucleus

Answer 9

They provide stability to the atom and also prevent protons from repelling one another. As protons increase, neutrons have to increase even more.

Question 10

Binding energy

Answer 10

The quantity of energy needed to break the nucleus into unbound particles

Question 11

Chemical reactions

Answer 11

The atoms try to get a stable electron configuration by losing or sharing electrons

Question 12

Nuclear reactions

Answer 12

The nucleus undergoes changes o become stable. It is not affected by temp, pressure, catalysts, etc.

Question 13

Alpha radiation

Answer 13

Due to its Large mass and charge they don’t travel far or penetrate well.
They are toxic

Question 14

Beta radiation

Answer 14

Involve stage conversion of neutrons and protons. Has much less mass then an alpha particle and they can penetrate material more easily.

Question 15

Gamma radiation

Answer 15

High energy photon. It is often emitted with alpha and beta particles. It has no mass or charge making it extremely penetrating and dangerous. It can only be stopped by very thick concrete or several inches of lead.

Question 16

Parent nuclei decay into…?

Answer 16

More stable daughter nuclei.

Question 17

Heavier nuclei undergo…?

Answer 17

Fission

Question 18

Lighter nuclei undergo…?

Answer 18

Fusion

Question 19

Role of neutrons in fission

Answer 19

During nuclear fission, a neutron collides with a uranium atom and splits it, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. More neutrons are also released when a uranium atom splits. Control rods are made of material like boron that absorbs neutrons by splitting more uranium atoms

Question 20

Critical mass

Answer 20

The minimum amount of fissile material needed to maintain a nuclear chain reaction.

Question 21

Conditions of the sun

Answer 21

Protons and electrons moving a Lund freely(plasma), very hot and enourmous gravitational pull

Question 22

Scalar quantity

Answer 22

Any quantity in physics that has magnitude only

Question 23

Vector quantity

Answer 23

Any quantity in physics that has both magnitude and direction

Question 24

Scalar examples

Answer 24

Speed, distance, age

Question 25

Vector examples

Answer 25

Velocity, acceleration, force