Honors Biology Final Spring 2017

Question 1

diploid

Answer 1

cell that contains 2 homologous chromosomes

Question 2

haploid

Answer 2

cell having one set of chromosomes

Question 3

how many diploids does a human contain

Answer 3

46

Question 4

how many haploids does a human contain

Answer 4

23

Question 5

phases of meiosis

Answer 5

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase/cytokinesis

Question 6

crossing over

Answer 6

• happens in prophase
• increases in genetic diversity
• exchange of genetic material

Question 7

gametes

Answer 7

sex cells

Question 8

heredity

Answer 8

genetics passed on from parent to child

Question 9

dominant allele

Answer 9

• T

- always shows in phenotype

Question 10

recessive allele

Answer 10

-t

Question 11

homozygous

Answer 11

same allele either dominant or recessive (TT) (tt)

Question 12

heterozygous

Answer 12

different allele (Tt)

Question 13

genotype

Answer 13

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 14

phenotype

Answer 14

physical characteristics of an organism

Question 15

probability

Answer 15

likelihood of a specific event

Question 16

pedigree

Answer 16

a trait passed through generations

Question 17

co-dominance

Answer 17

phenotype produced by both alleles are expressed

Question 18

incomplete dominance

Answer 18

one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

Question 19

sex linked inheritance

Answer 19

gene located on a sex chromosome

Question 20

law of segregation

Answer 20

separation of alleles

Question 21

artificial selection

Answer 21

selective breeding to promote a certain trait

Question 22

evolution

Answer 22

process of species changing over time

Question 23

adaptation

Answer 23

traits that improves an organisms ability to survive

Question 24

natural selection

Answer 24

when nature selects or neglects a trait to be passed on

Question 25

speciation

Answer 25

biological populations evolve to become extinct (separate)

Question 26

convergent evolution

Answer 26

distantly related but similar

Question 27

homologous structure

Answer 27

similar characteristics inherited by a common ancestor

Question 28

analogous structures

Answer 28

body parts that share common functions but not structure

Question 29

fossils

Answer 29

traces of an ancient organism

Question 30

bacteria shapes

Answer 30

rod-bacilli
spherical-cocci
spiral-spirilla

Question 31

pathogen

Answer 31

disease causing

Question 32

decomposer

Answer 32

breaks down dead material

Question 33

nitrogen fixers

Answer 33

converting nitrogen has into usable form for plants

Question 34

bacteriophage

Answer 34

virus that infects bacteria

Question 35

gram staining

Answer 35

used to find which antibiotic to use

Question 36

virus structure

Answer 36

• core of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

- capsid: protein coat

Question 37

lyric virus

Answer 37

contacts host cell by chance and attaches to surface

Question 38

lysogenic virus

Answer 38

• lands on virus

- doesn’t activate until triggered

Question 39

lytic vs. lysogenic

Answer 39

lytic: attacks right away
lysogenic: attacks when time is right

Question 40

paramecium

Answer 40

• type of ciliate

- asexual reproduction

Question 41

pseudopod

Answer 41

• projects out of cytoplasm
• obtains food
• used to move

Question 42

cilia

Answer 42

• leg like feature

- used to move

Question 43

flagella

Answer 43

• tail like structure

- used to move

Question 44

conjugation

Answer 44

paramecium and prokaryotes exchange genetic info

Question 45

cause of malaria

Answer 45

mosquitos

Question 46

diatoms

Answer 46

type of algae

Question 47

function of fungi

Answer 47

• used for food, medicine, fuel, pest control

- ex. mushrooms, antibiotics, pesticides

Question 48

how do fungi obtain energy

Answer 48

release enzymes that break down matter into absorbable nutrients

Question 49

hyphae

Answer 49

makes up the fungal body

Question 50

mycelium

Answer 50

root of fungi(grows from ground)

Question 51

basidiomycota(club fungi)

Answer 51

• mushrooms
• rusts
• smuts
• produce spores

Question 52

zygomycota

Answer 52

• sexual and asexual
• makes black bread mold
• lives in soil
• eats decayed material

Question 53

dermatophyte

Answer 53

• fungal disease

- causes athletes foot, toe fungus, ringworm

Question 54

circulatory system function

Answer 54

pumps blood throughout the body

Question 55

respiratory system function

Answer 55

circulates oxygen throughout the body through the lungs

Question 56

digestive system function

Answer 56

• obtains food to receive nutrients

- liver filters out toxins

Question 57

integumentary system function

Answer 57

• protection

- regulates body temperature

Question 58

ecology

Answer 58

study of interactions between organisms and their environment

Question 59

biotic vs abiotic

Answer 59

• biotic involves living factors

- abiotic involves non living factors

Question 60

ecosystem

Answer 60

includes a community of organisms

Question 61

community

Answer 61

group of various species that live in the same place and interact

Question 62

niche

Answer 62

role that an organism plays in an environment

Question 63

symbiosis

Answer 63

interactions between organisms

Question 64

mutualism

Answer 64

relationship in which both species benefit

Question 65

commensalism

Answer 65

relationship in which one benefits and the other is unharmed

Question 66

parasitism

Answer 66

an organism harms another

Question 67

food chain

Answer 67

organisms transfer energy by being eaten

Question 68

food web

Answer 68

interactions of organisms regarding prey and predators

Question 69

trophic levels

Answer 69

each step in a food chain or web

Question 70

water cycle

Answer 70

evaporation, precipitation, transpiration, condensation