16 & 17 Test Flashcards
father of evolution
darwin
what is needed for natural selection to happen
variation and overpopulation
variation
not all the same
overpopulation
competing for survival
common descent
we all come from the same body plan
common ancestor
come from the same relative
adaptations
helps an organism survive in its environment
fitness
level of how adapted an organism is to its environment
artificial selection
humans experiment w organisms to improve them
Lamarck
came up w evolution before darwin
had wrong reasonings
acquired characteristics
animals would physically change during their life
homologous structures
structures of organisms are different but they are still similar
vestigial structures
structure that an organism has but is not used
embryology
early embryos look the same but grow up differently
genetic drift
happens randomly and to small populations
bottleneck effect
reduces a population and only a few live to reproduce
founder effect
a species breaks off and forms somewhere else
forms of evolution
gradualism
punctuated equilibrium
gradualism
makes tiny changes over time
punctuated equilibrium
stays the same for a while and makes sudden changes
adaptive radiation
organisms branch from one species into more
co evolution
evolves equally bc they have to
convergent evolution
become similar
divergent evolution
becomes different
directional selection
organisms at the end of the curb have a higher fitness
stabilizing selection
organisms at the center have a better fitness
disruptive selection
upper and lower part of the curve have a higher fitness
