Hominin Fossil Table Flashcards
Sahelanthropus tchadensis age
7-6 mya
S. tchadensis where
Chad
S. tchadensis brain size
360cc
S. tchadensis key features (2)
bipedal, small pointy canines
Orrorin tugenesis age
5.8 mya
O. tugenensis where
Kenya
Ardipithecus Kadabba age
5.8-5.2 mya
Ard. kadabba where
Ethiopia
Ard. kadabba teeth
small, pointy canines
Ard. ramidus age
4.4 mya
Ard. ramidus where
Ethiopia
Ard. ramidus brain size
325cc
Ard. ramidus teeth
small and pointy
Ard. ramidus special features (2)
grasping big toe, pelvis is a mix of bipedal and ape-like features
Aust. anamensis age
4.2-3.8
Aust. anamensis where
East Africa
Aust. anamensis brain size
370cc
Aust. anamensis teeth (2)
small canines, big molars
Aust. afarensis age
3.9 - 3.0 mya
Aust. afarensis where
East Africa
Aust. afarensis brain size
430cc
Aust. afarensis big toe
in line
Aust. afarensis- what does their upper limb suggest
some aboreality
Aust. afarensis teeth (2)
small canines, big molars
Aust. afarensis sex differences
Aust. afarensis are dimorphic
Kenyathropus platyops age
3.5- 3.2
Kenyathropus platyops location
East Africa
Aust. garhi age
2.5 mya
Aust. garhi location
East Africa
which Aust. species is associated with cut marked bones
Aust. garhi
Aust. garhi brain size
450cc
Aust. africanus age
3.7 - 2.5 mya
Aust. africanus location
South Africa
Aust. africanus brain size
450cc
Aust. sediba age
1.9 mya
Aust. sediba location
South Africa
Aust. sediba brain size
420 cc
Paranthropus aethiopicus age
2.5 mya
Paranthropus aethiopicus location
East Africa
Paranthropus aethiopicus brain size
410cc
Paranthropus (all species) zygomatic arch
thick
Paranthropus (all species) sagittal crest?
yes
Paranthropus (all species) molars
enormous
What genus do the Paranthropus species’ bodies resemble?
Australopithecus
Paranthropus boisei age
2.4 - 1.4 mya
Paranthropus boisei location
East Africa
Paranthropus boisei brain size
465 cc
Paranthropus robustus age
2.0 - 1.4 mya
Paranthropus robustus location
South Africa
Paranthropus robustus brain size
475cc
Homo rudolfensis age
2.4 - 1.6 mya
Homo rudolfensis location
East Africa
Homo rudolfensis brain size
750 cc
Which species could/ should be lumped into Homo habilis?
Homo rudolfensis
Homo habilis age
2.0 - 1.6 mya
Homo habilis location
East Africa
Homo habilis brain size
610cc
Homo habilis tools
Oldowan tools
Are Homo habilis molars larger or smaller than Aust. molars
smaller
True or false: Homo habilis and cut marks on animal bones
true
Homo erectus age
1.8 - 0.4 mya
Homo erectus location
First Africa then into Eurasia
Homo erectus brain size
970cc
What are the early african specimens of Homo erectus sometimes called?
H. ergaster
Describe the skull of Homo erectus
Long, low skull shape
What kind of tools did Homo erectus have
Acheulian tools
Which species used Acheulian tools
Homo erectus
Which species (probably) had fire about 1 mya
Homo erectus
Homo erectus body overall
human-like body proportions and teeth
Homo heidelbergensis age
1.0 - 0.2 mya
Homo heidelbergensis location
First Africa, then into Eurasia
Homo heidelbergensis brain size
1205cc
Homo heidelbergensis overall skull shape
Long, low skull, but bigger than H. erectus
Homo heidelbergensis tools
Levallois tools
Which species is known for using levallois tools first
Homo heidelbergensis
which species had definite fire (earliest)
Homo heidelbergensis
Which species first had central place foraging?
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo naledi age
300 kya
Homo naledi location
South Africa
Homo naledi brain size
513 cc
Which Homo is a mixed of primitive and derived features
Homo naledi
Homo floresiensis age
95 - 12 kya
When was the modern humans cultural explosion
50,000 years ago
Homo floresiensis location
Flores (SE Asia)
Homo floresiensis brain size
415 cc
When and where is the oldest example of cave paintings
Indonesia 44,000 years ago
Which species is known for being tiny (and possibly arboreal?
Homo floresiensis
Denisovans age
160 - 30 kya
Denisovans location
Asia
Homo neanderthalensis age
130 - 28 kya
Homo neanderthalensis location
Europe, Middle East
Homo neanderthalensis brain size
1450cc
3 parts about Homo neanderthalensis head/face
occipital bun, big nose, no chin
What tools did Homo neanderthalensis use
Mousterian tools
Which species used Mousterian tools
Homo neanderthalensis
Which species buried the dead
Homo neanderthalensis
Describe Homo neanderthalensis body
Cold-adapted body proportions (shorter and thicker body)
Homo sapiens age
300 kya - today
Homo sapiens location
First Africa, then global
Homo sapiens brain size
1350cc
When was symbolic bahavior in Homo sapiens seen by?
50 kya
