Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anthropology Final Exam > Day 2 (11/7) > Flashcards

Day 2 (11/7) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a hominin

A

Anything after the split between humans and chimps/bonobos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What came first, bipedalism or large brain size?

A

bipedalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the trend of how teeth changed in hominins

A

canines morphed from being big/ sexual selection for fighting to smaller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the trend in aborealism with the evolution of hominins

A

More frequent (chimps) to less common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis location

A

Chad, Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis age

A

7-6 MYA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is Sahelanthropus tchadensis bipedal or not

A

yes, bipedal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis brain size

A

360cc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis brow ridge

A

huge brow ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sahelanthropus tchadensis canines

A

small (already trend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the presence of bipedalism determined from fossils?

A

location of spinal column emerging from skull (foramen magnum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Orrorin tugenensis location

A

Kenya, Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Orrorin tugenensis age

A

6.1-5.8 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orrorin tugenensis femur as proof of bipedalism

A

there was great gravitational force on the inside of the top of the femur, making the bone thicker there

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is one common approach for interpreting function from fossils?

A

biomechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bone growth in response to mechanical stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ardipithecus kadabba location

A

Ethiopia, Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ardipithecus kadabba age

A

5.8 - 5.2 mya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ardipithecus kadabba bipedal?

A

yes, Ardipithecus kadabba bipedal

20
Q

Ardipithecus kadabba canines?

A

Ape-like; small, but pointy

Space between teeth that allows canines to connect) ?

21
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus location

A

Ethiopia, Africa

22
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus age

A

4.4 mya

23
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus skull overall

A

ape-like (smaller)

24
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus prognathism

A

Similar to chimps, bottom half of face juts out. “primitive/ancestral trait”

25
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus brain size

A

small, 325cc, smaller than some chimps

26
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus canines

A

chimp-like, but a bit smaller

27
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus molars

A

??? suggest a broader diet than chimps

28
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus locomotion

A

long arms and curved fingers suggests climbing and tree use, but not a knucklewalker (this is generally true of Ardipithecus species)

29
Q

human hip bones compared to Ardipithecus ramidus

A

humans have much taller hip bones with a wider flat area

30
Q

human ilium compared to Ardipithecus ramidus

A

similar, wide and low

31
Q

What is the ilium

A

blade of the pelvis

32
Q

What is significant about the ischium

A

where the hamstring muscle attaches

33
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus ischium

A

chimp-like. an adaptation for vertical climbing

34
Q

Ardipithecus ramidus feet

A

ape-like, divergent big toe

35
Q

Name the two theories for why bipedalism developed

A

Arboreal theory and Savannah theory

36
Q

Describe the arboreal theory for bipedalism

A

Because hominins existed in the trees, there is something more efficient about being bipedal in the trees (reaching and stability)

37
Q

Describe the savannah theory for bipedalism

A

as the climate is cooling (hot and wet vs. cold and dry), resources are more patchily distributed. Theory seems unlikely because- earliest hominins found in forests not savannas and bipedalism is not more efficient

38
Q

Australopithecus anamensis location

A

Ethiopia, Africa

39
Q

Australopithecus anamensis age

A

4.2 - 3.9 mya

40
Q

Australopithecus anamensis bipedal?

A

yes

41
Q

did Australopithecus anamensis have sagittal crest?

A

yes

42
Q

Australopithecus anamensis canines

A

small

43
Q

Australopithecus anamensis brain size

A

370cc

44
Q

Australopithecus anamensis tibia

A

top is wider (like gorillas)

45
Q

Was the transition from Australopithecus anamensis to Australopithecus afarensis anagenesis or cladogenesis?

A

Skull discovery supports cladogenesis because the daughter species not a general transition from one to the other

Anthropology Final Exam (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions