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Anthropology Final Exam > Day 1 (11/5) > Flashcards

Day 1 (11/5) Flashcards

1
Q

When sun

A

4.7 bya

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2
Q

When earth

A

4.6 bya

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3
Q

When life

A

3.5

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4
Q

When Cambrian Explosion

A

550 mya

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5
Q

What was important about the Cambrian Explosion

A

major diversification of animal life

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6
Q

What kind of fossils found in Cambrian Explosion

A

teeth and shells etc… things that fossilize well

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7
Q

When Paleozoic

A

542-251 mya

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8
Q

What were the first vertebrates and when

A

Fish, 485 mya

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9
Q

When vertebrates on land

A

375 mya

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10
Q

When limbs and lungs developed

A

350 mya

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11
Q

What is the Mesozoic known for

A

Age of the dinosaurs

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12
Q

when Mesozoic

A

250-66 mya

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13
Q

When were the earliest mammals

A

230 mya

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14
Q

In what era did the earliest mammals appear

A

Mesozoic (dinosaurs era)

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15
Q

What is another name for the Cenozoic era

A

Age of Mammals

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16
Q

When first primates

A

55 mya

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17
Q

When first apes

A

25 mya

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18
Q

When first hominins

A

6 mya

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19
Q

What do hox genes do

A

determine the basic body plan

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20
Q

how old are hox genes

A

about 500 myo

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21
Q

true or false: we see the same hox genes in all vertebrates

A

true, which is why we see so much homology across vertebrates

22
Q

True or false: the vertebrate body plan is not incredibly conserved

A

false. due to having the same hox genes, the vertebrate body plan IS incredibly conserved

23
Q

true or false: the heads of all vertebrates are built from the same parts

A

true

24
Q

what did lungs start as

A

air bladders in fish

25
Q

What bodily system do human lungs develop within

A

digestive system. this is why we breathe where we eat

26
Q

True or false: hox genes do not determine basic limb plan

A

false. Hox genes DO determine basic limb plan

27
Q

name four characteristics of mammals

A

hair, warm-blooded, nurse their young, live birth

28
Q

where are the best fossil sites found

A

water banks (because coverage with sediment)

29
Q

What is the Olduvi gorge

A

an area where the earth is ripping apart at the surface, and we can look inside the “tear” and find a lot of fossils

30
Q

What is the name of the fossil site that has fluctuating lake levels

A

Dmanisi, Georgia

31
Q

In radiometric dating, what does Potassium 40 go to and how long does decay take

A

Potassium 40 –> argon 40, millions of years

32
Q

In radiometric dating, what does carbon 14 go to and how long does decay take

A

Carbon 14 –> Nitrogen 14, 50k years

33
Q

In what epoch in earth’s history did the earth reach a thermal maximum

A

Eocene

34
Q

how long until the sun would engulf the earth

A

5 million years

35
Q

Name the 7 epochs within the cenozoic era

A

Paleocene (65.5-55.8 mya)
Eocene (55.8-33.8 mya)
Oligocene (33.9-23 mya)
Miocene (23-5.3 mya)
Pliocene (5.3-2.4 mya)
Pleistocene (2.4-12 kya)
Holocene (12 kya - now)

36
Q

Paleocene time range

A

65.5 - 55.8 mya

37
Q

Eocene time range

A

55.8 - 33.9 mya

38
Q

Oligocene time range

A

33.9 - 23 mya

39
Q

Miocene time range

A

23-5.3 mya

40
Q

Pliocene time range

A

5.3-2.4 mya

41
Q

Pleistocene

A

2.4 mya - 12 kya

42
Q

Holocene time range

A

12 kya - now

43
Q

Paleocene early primate-like mammal

A

Plesiadapiforms

44
Q

Describe Plesiadapiforms

A

no post-orbital bar or closure, claws instead of nails, diastema (gap between teeth)

45
Q

What were the two earliest primates and what epoch were they in

A

Adapids and Omomyids, Eocene

46
Q

Describe Adapids and Omomyids

A

post orbital bars, first found in N. America, stereoscopic vision (forward-facing), nails instead of claws

47
Q

in what epoch were the first non debateable anthropoids

A

Oligocene

48
Q

What is an anthropoid

A

apes and monkeys

49
Q

What is the monkey found in the Oligocene

A

Aegytopithecus

50
Q

How does the Carpolestes simpsoni fossil challenge nocturnal visual predation model

A

it had grasping hands and feet but no stereoscopic vision

51
Q

Name the two specific anthropoids from class and features of both

A

Eosimias sinensis (tarsals and 2133), Darwinius masillae (no grooming claw)

Anthropology Final Exam (3 decks)

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