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RADT: 270 QA/QC > homework review > Flashcards

homework review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average amount of background radiation per year in the United States?

A

360 rem

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2
Q

Members of the general public who may be exposed to frequent or continuous exposure from artificial sources other than medical exposure have a recommended maximum effective dose equivalent of _____ rem/year.

A

0.1 rem/year, 1 mSv/year

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3
Q

The maximum dose to the fetus of an occupational worker for the entire gestation period is _____ rem

A

0.5

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4
Q

What is correct about the 80/20 rule?

A

80% of the problems come from 20% of causes

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5
Q

Which federal agency is responsible for establishing standards for safety and for monitoring the workplace environment?

A

OSHA

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6
Q

Which federal agency is responsible for enforcing both equipment standards and radiation safety practices

A

NRC

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7
Q

Which federal agency is responsible for regulating the design and manufacture of x-ray equipment?

A

FDA (through the Center for Devices and Radiological Health)

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8
Q

The measurement of the level of quality at some point in time with no effort to change or improve the level of care is known as quality

A

assessment

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9
Q

Invasive quality control equipment testing is considered to be

A

complex

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10
Q

Noninvasive quality control equipment testing is considered to be

A

either simple or complex

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11
Q

How many levels of quality control testing and monitoring are there?

A

3

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12
Q

Any activity that costs a facility either money or its reputation is known as

A

loss potential

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13
Q

Customers who come from outside the healthcare organization are generally referred to as

A

external customers

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14
Q

A cause-and-effect diagram is also known as which of the following?

A

fishbone chart

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15
Q

A procedure to identify potential failure within a system is

A

FMEA

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16
Q

How many basic steps are involved in the creation of a TPM?

A

5

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17
Q

The number of items actually measured from a population is called a

A

sample

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18
Q

The range of variation around the mean is called

A

standard deviation

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19
Q

Which of the following is a pictorial representation of a frequency distribution?

A

histogram

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20
Q

Which of the following is not a tool for data presentation?

A

brainstorming

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21
Q

Which of the following terms best describes a chart that pictorially demonstrates whether key indicators are moving up or down over a given period of time?

A

trend chart

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22
Q

Which of the following terms best describes the average set of observations?

A

mean

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23
Q

Which of the following terms best describes variables that have only two values or choices?

A

dichotomous variables

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24
Q

Which modality generally display the greatest spatial resolution?

a. DR radiographs
b. Nuclear medicine
c. Digital mammography
d. Magnetic resonance imaging

A

digital mammography

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25
Q

The window width setting in a digital imaging system is used to manipulate which of the following values?

a. Image contrast
b. Spatial resolution
c. Temporal resolution
d. Pixel brightness

A

image contrast

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26
Q

What can be thought of as the amount of information recorded in an image divided by the information available in the part?

A

modulation transfer function

27
Q

Which of the following terms best describes the ability of an imaging system to create separate images of closely spaced high-contrast objects?

a. Screen speed
b. Spatial resolution
c. Contrast resolution
d. Quantum mottle

A

spatial resolution

28
Q

What term is the unit most commonly used to measure luminance?

A

nit

29
Q

The type of contrast that is caused by variations in the tissue density within the anatomical part to be imaged defines what?

A

subject contrast

30
Q

The amount of light either scattered or emitted by a surface is known as

a. luminance.
b. radiant flux.
c. luminous flux.
d. illuminance.

A

illuminance (*)

31
Q

The ability of an imaging system to distinguish structures with similar x-ray transmission as separate entities is known as

A

contrast resolution

32
Q

In imaging applications, because contrast resolution and visibility of detail are mandatory for diagnostic interpretation, ____ is important.

a. high DQE
b. low DQE
c. low DI
d. low SNR

A

high DQE

33
Q

Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is a measure of which of the following?

a. Lack of image noise
b. Spatial resolution
c. X-ray absorption
d. Contrast resolution

A

X-ray absorption

34
Q

A reduction in brightness at the periphery of the image captured with an image intensifier tube is referred to as

A

vignetting

35
Q

At any combination of tube potential and current, fluoroscopic equipment with an automatic brightness control should not produce an entrance skin exposure exceeding ____ R/min.

A

10

36
Q

Performance testing of fluoroscopic systems must include all the following except:
a. Automatic brightness control
b. Automatic film processor
c. Total filtration
d. X-ray tube housing

A

b. Automatic film processor

37
Q

Quality control tests of fluoroscopic systems should be performed

A

semiannually

38
Q

The input phosphor of an image intensifier tube converts a(n) _____ image into a(n) _____ image.

A

x-ray, light

39
Q

The maximum entrance exposure rate for fluoroscopic units equipped with AERC is

A

10 R/min (100 mGya/min)

40
Q

The photocathode of a fluoroscopic image intensifier is a device that emits

A

electrons

41
Q

The television camera most commonly used to capture the fluoroscopic image from a tube type image intensifier is the

A

charge-coupled device or CMOS

42
Q

What type of distortion occurs with tube-type fluoroscopic image intensifiers, most often caused by the presence of strong magnetic fields?

A

S distortion

43
Q

What type of test tool may be used to demonstrate pincushion distortion?

A

wire mesh tool

44
Q

Collimation systems equipped with positive beam limitation must be accurate to within ____ of the SID.

A

+/- 3%

45
Q

During the exposure linearity test, the amount of radiation/mAs should vary by no more than ±___% from the average.

A

10%

46
Q

If the x-ray field is smaller than that indicated by the indicator knob on the collimator, the radiographer risks

A

cutting off anatomy of interest

47
Q

The kilovolts peak (kVp) must be accurate to

A

+/- 5%

48
Q

The light field and radiation field of a radiographic unit must be congruent to within ____ of the SID.

A

+/- 2%

49
Q

The maximum variation coefficient for reproducibility of x-ray generators is

A

0.05

50
Q

The range of sweep angles for digital tomosynthesis units can be from ____ to ____ degrees.

A

10 to 50

51
Q

Two common quality control tests that should be performed on grids are grid _____ and grid _____ tests.

A

alignment, uniformity

52
Q

Which of the following tests would not be appropriate to check an AEC system?

a. Reproducibility
b. Backup timer verification
c. Ion chamber sensitivity
d. Laser localizer

A

laser localizer

53
Q

Which of the following devices can be used as the sensor in AEC units?

a. Ion chamber
b. Solid-state detector
c. Photocell
d. All are correct

A

All are correct

54
Q

Which of the following PACS quality control tests are recommended to be performed on at least a quarterly basis?

a. Image resolution evaluation
b. Test pattern image transmit and receive
c. Compression recall
d. All are correct

A

d. all are correct

55
Q

Which of the following should be a part of initial acceptance testing of a digital radiographic system?

a. Accuracy of exposure indicator
b. Evaluation of image uniformity
c. Presence of dropped pixels
d. All are correct

A

d. all are correct

56
Q

When viewing digital images on a display monitor, the cosine law would apply to what?

A

off-axis viewing

57
Q

The most important component affecting the spatial resolution in digital subtraction angiography is the

A

computer matrix size

58
Q

The limiting spatial resolution is also known as the

A

Nyquist frequency

59
Q

The contrast ratio of a viewing monitor should be higher than

A

250

60
Q

Primary display monitors for viewing digital images should have a luminance value higher than ____ nit.

A

170

61
Q

Photoconductors convert x-ray energy into

A

electric current

62
Q

Five images of a DR detector are acquired all at the same technical factors. The pixel brightness readings within a region of interest compare the relationship of the x-ray output to the pixel values. What quality control test was performed?

A

reproducibility

63
Q

Benefits of digital PACS images do not generally include

a. improved spatial resolution.
b. convenient storage.
c. computer-aided diagnosis.
d. image transmission.

A

improved spatial resolution

RADT: 270 QA/QC (4 decks)

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