Homeostatis Copy Paste Flashcards

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1
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

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2
Q

Which is longer lasting: hormonal or nervous system?

A

Hormonal system

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3
Q

Which is faster acting: hormonal or nervous system?

A

Nervous system

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4
Q

Which has a localised response: hormonal or nervous system?

A

Nervous system

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5
Q

Which is removed quicker: hormonal or nervous system?

A

Nervous system.

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6
Q

Where is hormonal chemicals made?

A

Specialised endocrine cells found in glands.

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7
Q

In the ______ system, neurotransmitters are secreted directly onto the cells they affect.

A

Nervous

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8
Q

In the _______ system, neurotransmitters bind to specific complementary receptors within the target cell membrane.

A

Nervous

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9
Q

____________ reach target organs via the blood.

A

Hormones

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10
Q

________ are transported all over the body and effect target cells via binding to specific complimentary receptors within the cell membrane.

A

Horomones

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11
Q

Why do we need to keep body temperature constant?

A
  • Low temperature = little kinetic energy so chemical reactions involving enzymes slow down which can result in death.
  • High temperature = too much kinetic energy denatures enzymes due to binds breaking, this changes the active site shape and prevents enzyme-substrate complexes forming.
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12
Q

Why do we need to keep body pH constant?

A

Affects amount of hydrogen ions. An increase can cause the tertiary structure of enzymes to change, denaturing them. This changes the active site shape, preventing enzyme-substrate complexes.

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13
Q

Define negative feedback.

A

A corrective mechanism where a change triggers a response which reduces the effect of a change.

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14
Q

Define positive feedback.

A

Occurs when a change

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15
Q

How does insulin decrease blood glucose levels?

A
  • Insulin binds to specific receptors on liver cell membranes.
  • it activates carrier proteins/opens channels/causes for channels to form.
  • Insulin increases the permeability of liver/muscle cells/tissues to glucose.
  • Insulin action results in glucose conversion to glycogen/glycogenesis.
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16
Q

How does glucagon increase blood glucose levels?

A
  • binds to specific receptors
  • on liver cell
  • activates enzymes in the liver
  • hydrolysis if glycogen
  • facilitated diffusion of glucose out the liver cells
  • increases blood glucose levels